The Benefits Of Cooperative Learning For Students Education Essay

Why the Cooperative Learning is good for ELL pupils? The range of this research paper is to show the importance of using the concerted acquisition groups to assist ELL pupils to accomplish English linguistic communication proficiency. How does cooperative larning benefit English scholars? David Noyes answers this inquiry with a profusion of research-based facts as it follows: it is non â€Å" endangering † promoting a low affectional barrier, which facilitates a better comprehensive input, the information provided comes from at least two beginnings, the instructor and equals, with the consequence of an improved keeping, and is strategic and purposeful through staging and differentiated direction. In add-on to already advert Multisensory Approach noticed by Noyes, Hammerken suggests that practising with a equal, experimenting different survey attacks help pupils achieve better on appraisals ( 2000, p.88 ) . In add-on, the concerted acquisition activities encourage sharing and edifice background cognition. The cultural, emotional, and geographical scheme of each pupil is enhanced through brainstorming, group treatments, the usage of in writing organisers, reappraisal of text, reappraisal vocabulary in context . Furthermore, an of import supporting statement is that it â€Å" maximizes the acquisition of English. † Noyes cites Cummings naming the co-op larning an â€Å" empowerment teaching method. † Dr. Cummings in his article Putting Language Proficiency in Its Topographic point: Reacting to Critiques of the Conversational/Academic Language Distinction stress the importance for pedagogues to do the differentiation between basic accomplishments and academic proficiency accomplishments, â€Å" I have suggested that in order to turn to these issues ( Critiques of the Conversational/Academic Language Distinction ) we need to do a cardinal differentiation between colloquial and academic facets of linguistic communication proficiency ( originally labeled basic interpersonal communicative accomplishments [ BICS ] and cognitive academic linguistic communication proficiency [ CALP ] † ( Cummings,19797 ) . The linguistic communication development for bilingual pupils is recommended, â€Å" by supplying pupils with extended chances to transport out undertakings look intoing their ain and their community ‘s linguistic communication usage, patterns, and premises † ( Cumm ings, 1979 ) , which are the features of concerted larning groups activities. Furthermore, Dr. Krashen in his article What is Academic Language Proficiency? explains that understanding and doing the difference between basic interpersonal linguistic communication accomplishments and Academic Proficiency accomplishments is of import for pedagogues in their attempt to back up linguistic communication acquisition, going the â€Å" cardinal end of linguistic communication learning plans. † The article ‘s accent is on the schemes employed to ease the linguistic communication acquisition on accomplishing the academic proficiency versus learning schemes that kids of course develop anyhow and consider, rote memorisation. The efficient schemes recommended for developing cognition of academic linguistic communication and content as they represent â€Å" one of the grounds for the success of bilingual plans â€Å" are ; triping the background cognition, the usage of images, realia, group treatments, narrow reading, and scaffolding for job resolution. All th e schemes indicated can be found in concerted acquisition groups activities. Another ground the Cooperative Learning groups are recommended for ELL pupils is that of the consequence of take downing the affectional barrier followed by the addition of comprehensive input, â€Å" the effectual linguistic communication instructor is person who can supply input and assist do it comprehendible in a low anxiousness state of affairs † ( Krashen,2009, 163 ) . Entire Physical Response as defined by Dr. Krashen ( 2009, p. 140 ) represents the pupil ‘s apprehension and reaction to teacher ‘s directions/commands and shows the degree of motive and engagement during the instructional procedure. The Cooperative Learning Group activities guarantee the entire physical response of the participants by leting the ELL pupils to travel over the submergence â€Å" soundless † phase through a low affectional barrier and reply when they are ready ( Krashen, 2009 ) . In add-on to the pro statements for Cooperative Learning Groups usage is the sum and quality of conversation involved. Harmonizing to Dr. Krashsen conversation, as a method to get linguistic communication proficiency, gives good comprehensive input, is interesting/relevant, and with the presence of a native talker has a low affectional filter. â€Å" Conversation will give the acquirer a opportunity to pattern the tools he has learned and give him possibly the best chance to get new 1s † ( Krashen, 2009, p.163 ) . Rothstein and Turnbull accentuate on instructor outlooks for pupils to utilize a logical-scientific type of discourse, which is really the formal academic linguistic communication as opposed to societal narrative. They suggest â€Å" bridging between narratives and academic discourse † by utilizing schoolroom direction structures which â€Å" promote pupil ‘s battle in signifiers of discourse that they do non utilize at place † ( Rothstein & A ; T urnbull, 2008, p. 140 ) . As a portion of the Bridging Cultures classrooms the collaborative acquisition is considered supplying the necessary support by furthering positive mutuality, on undertaking behaviours, and advancing academic discourse. Dr. Jimenez explains that pupils are of course supposed to interact during concerted acquisition activities which make monitoring academic address a must. She suggests expressed instruction, charting, and monitored pattern in order to heighten academic address maps. Freeman and Freeman, the writers of English Language Learners ; The Essential Guide, are to the full cognizant of the importance of developing the academic linguistic communication for EEL pupils. Besides, the writers recognize that the ELL pupils have troubles utilizing the formal English linguistic communication every bit opposed to a so called proficiency utilizing the insouciant linguistic communication. In order to develop the CALP and supply more context-embedded direction the writers suggest the usage of in writing organisers, working in concerted groups, and prosecute in hands-on activities which are the forms of concerted acquisition groups ; â€Å" When learning occurs in Quadrant C ( context embedded and cognitively demanding ) pupils develop the academic linguistic communication † ( Freeman, 2000, p. 155 ) . Supporting the subject, Echevaria and writers explain the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol as being the instructional theoretical account designed to assist bilingual pupils to accomplish English linguistic communication proficiency ; â€Å" Effective sheltered categories are characterized by a assortment of grouping constructions, includingaˆÂ ¦cooperative acquisition groups ( 2004, p.105 ) . Furthermore, â€Å" competent linguistic communication scholars actively prosecute these cognitive accomplishments, and research workers know these scholars are effectual, in portion, because they have particular ways of treating the new information they are larning â€Å" ( Echevaria, 2004, p.82 ) . The acquisition schemes considered by the SIOP theoretical account are the Metacognitive, Cognitive, and Social/Affective Strategies. These schemes that are employed through explicit instruction, mold, and scaffolding are the features of direction needed for a instructor implement ing concerted acquisition groups. Making the content comprehensible is done by using attacks as the usage of mnemonics, SQP2RS, PENS, GIST, Rehearsal Strategies, Graphic Organizers, Comprehension Strategies ( Echevaria, 2004 ) . The Sheltered Instruction Protocol is based on research which points out clearly that the grouping constellations has to be diverse â€Å" advancing the development of multiple positions and promote coaction. † Besides, as Noyes suggests every bit good, avoid grouping the low-average acting pupils with ELL pupils. The of import thought is that the ELL pupils get excess support in being grouped harmonizing linguistic communication proficiency degree, but merely for specific activities when excess support is needed ( paraprofessional monitoring, practising a specific linguistic communication impression, etc ) . The concerted acquisition grouping gives every pupil the chance to entree every bit the course of study ( Echevaria, 2004 ) . The writers of Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities ; Research Based Practices, Cohen and Spenciner, acknowledge the benefits of concerted acquisition for pupils â€Å" both with and without disablements † ( 2005, p.235 ) , because they work collaboratively to accomplish academic public presentation. As a common note the ELL pupils and pupils with larning disablements have troubles understanding and using their cognition to job resolution and higher order believing accomplishments ( Cohen & A ; Spenciner, 2005, p.194 ) .The grounds are different of class, but the instructor ‘s attack is to rectify and better pupil ‘s public presentation by learning metacognition accomplishments. Consequently, the ELL pupils will larn how to believe and how to larn from their equals during concerted larning group activities following instructor ‘s mold and cues. A immense importance in the acquisition procedure is made by addressing/applying Gardener ‘s Multiple Intelligences Theory. Hammerken suggests that pupils are experimenting in their attempt to happen the one which supports their learning manner, â€Å" the most effectual method is the method that will capitalise on pupil ‘s strengths † ( 200, p. 87 ) . Noyes considers that â€Å" the multiple intelligences are a accelerator for distinction of direction in category † ( 2010 ) . The Cooperative Learning groups activities address and congratulate all types of MI including the interpersonal ( single work ) , intrapersonal ( pair-share ) which are harder to make utilizing other direction theoretical accounts. In decision, scaffolding on David Noyes ‘ reply to the inquiry â€Å" How does cooperative larning benefit English scholars? † we have explained the important elements that makes concerted learning activities able and indicated for accomplishing the end of English linguistic communication proficiency. Concerted acquisition activities are designed as to diminish the affectional barrier while increasing the comprehensive input, the keeping degree is high, information coming from diverse beginnings with a high degree of hierarchal effectivity, monitored interaction /conversation and instructor ‘s illustrations utilizing formal/conversational linguistic communication easing academic linguistic communication acquisition, anterior cognition is activated and facilitates background edifice, multiple intelligences are approached through staging and differentiated direction.

Personality psychology Essay

Major Constructs in Jung’s Theory Libido (the psyche’s source of energy) Persona (the masks we wear in life) Personal Unconscious (much like Freud’s notion of the unconscious) Collective Unconscious (the inherited force behind our existence) Archetypes (forms for expressing portions of the content of the collective unconscious) 8/6/2009 Personality # 1 expresses the personal and the self (note small case â€Å"s† in self) Personality #2 is more in touch with the collective unconscious Examples of archetypes Shadow (the dark side of the conscious ego or persona) Anima (the feminine aspect of the male psyche) Animus (the masculine aspect of the female psyche) The Self (the â€Å"real deal† discussed at near the end of the lecture) Jung’s theory is a theory of oppositional forces Two fundamental â€Å"Attitudes† Extraversion Introversion 8/6/2009 Four Psychic Functions Thinking Feeling Sensation Intuition Psychological Types Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Go to http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgiwin/JTypes1.htm if you are interested in exploring the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. You can take the test, read the result, and Look up what the results mean. No extra credit for doing that. Concepts pertaining to growth and development Equilibrium Free flow of energy across opposites Individuation Becoming familiar with and ability to use and synthesize all functions and other in-born capacities The Self The â€Å"mother† of all archetypes. The goal of personality development is the full realization of Self Mandala Major symbol of Self

Human nature in the light of Revelation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human nature in the light of Revelation - Essay Example The divide between God and man was the result of human sin and fall from heaven. But even in a fallen position, modern man is under obligation to observe righteousness by refraining from lies during our existence. Human beings must therefore cultivate real liberty by behaving in a way that is both natural and moral as the first humanity did before sin separated them with God. GS adds that in total despair, there is a heavenly spirit of conscience within the midst of human beings. Death is therefore a painful reminder to humans, of the life in the beginning; it spreads a spirit of melancholy and despair in people’s souls, but strongly delivers the message of the significance and might of God when human beings have no hope left in our hearts. Death has been, according to GS, a natural vocation by God in the current environment. Then GS proceeds with the argument, drawing upon the anthropological aspect of theology in Jesus Christ, the First Man, and the human existence being at the whims of the Supreme Deity (Schu 64). By virtue of Jesus being the God’s son and messenger, He creates the God’s power in human beings by taking the form of a human being, and through God’s spiritual power, Jesus redeems the image and integrity of man who is naturally a sinner. Jesus, therefore, midwifes the spiritual redemption of human beings (Healy 34-41). Through Jesus association with the common man, the God’s Son casts into history the influence of a rejuvenated but rarely seen recognition that individual aspirations can only be achieved when one is in a communion. In Jesus, the typical modern man is, therefore, expected to fulfil supernatural love by expressing love to their neighbours. This implies that only a candid gift of individuality effectively satisfies human character, and the Supreme Deity exposes His intimate nature in Jesus in order to enable human beings to appreciate this natural gift. This implies that God’s natural love s upports and strengthens communal love (Torrell 252-259). GS therefore jogs human memory that communal love basically embodies the success of the modern man. Love is therefore the fruitful aspect of human understanding and willingness that survives in human liberty. It is this importance of love as the satisfaction of the supernatural will and spirit of God that forms the basis of John Paul II’s philosophy of modern man and the importance of the body. Theology of the body by Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II wrote important philosophies such as theology of man in Gaudium et Specs. A number of important concepts of his philosophy were aimed at restructuring the mentality of the Catholic Church to be in line with the modern thinking of evolved man. In this important edict, the Pope underscored the significance of re-examining one’s relationship with Christ in the early 21st Century. He argued that the modern man would not be rescued from sin and challenges of life by a strategy, but by an important eternal Man (Schu 65). In the â€Å"Gaudium et Specs†, the Pope underscored the closeness of man to God and the former’s reliance on the Supreme Deity and His aspirations. He argued that without the God as the Creator, there would be no creation. In light of this, freedom of the body is dependent upon the truth (Torrell 267). The pope’s theology of the body, therefore, discredits submission of oneself to contingency and scepticism as the quest for non-existent

Stop. Think. Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stop. Think. Action - Essay Example The study has been supported with the storyline and flowchart, all of which elucidate the tools and techniques I applied to overcome the situation in a creative way. Since I strongly believe in divergent thinking, because of its offering multidimensional alternative solutions of the challenges and problems (Hudson, 1967), I have described its application in my professional life as well as its outcomes in my personal career growth, which has been elaborated in the following lines. I had been appointed as a HR manager at a real estate corporate firm, which could not be regarded as an established organisation at the time of my getting recruited at there. Since the company offered commission-based employment to the professionals, almost 90% of the employees were commission-based sales personnel, who would obtain 30% of the business they had generated for the company. Hence, the company would pay more heed and respect to the personnel, who tend to bring business and finances through clients and customers. Despite the fact that the company had appointed me against the monthly salary, its financial condition appears to be stating that I would also have to carry out some business deals as a real estate agent to ensure my salary to be paid. One of the firm’s directors also indirectly hinted the same that generating payments for the salary-based employees could be challenging for the company. I had got that job after over five and half years of unemployment. Since I had very bitter experience of leading the life of a jobless person, I did not want to lose it at any cost. Besides, I was well aware of the reality that my survival depends upon getting involved into business generating activities. Consequently, I pounced into a divergent thinking plan to escape getting fired at the hands of the management. I developed my personal SWOT analysis, where I regarded my graduate degree in sociology as one of my most

Price Quotes and Pricing Decisions Applied Problems Assignment

Price Quotes and Pricing Decisions Applied Problems - Assignment Example Jessica is a famous actress and her name is common in most households. She may even have a cult like following meaning everything she endorses will be popular with the masses, this factor can make penetration pricing successful. The products they are dealing with are basic consumer products used in the house hold on a daily basis. Penetration pricing would set of a â€Å"price war" enabling them to market a product at the price that is the  lowest in comparison with all competitors.   Though the price is lower that the value of the product, it will draw in new customers to try the products The products that the â€Å"Honest Company† deals in are in a growing market as the population is more demanding and knowledgeable requiring more quality cleaning items, more nutritious food stuffs etc. hence penetration pricing is recommended. Penetration pricing can prevent competitors from cutting into your market at lower price points. If your upfront price is low and your product or service is of reasonable quality, the burden falls on other providers to justify higher prices on similar offerings Yes they will continue to make profits in the long term. The Honest Company will be able to enter the five different markets faster using penetration pricing as potential customers will venture to try the product. This will in turn grow their market share and generate economic profits based on this market share even in the long term. Penetration pricing also creates high stock turnover throughout the  distribution channel which will result in economic profits and increased enthusiasm and support in the supply chain for the product in the long term. No they will not continue to make profits. It is argued against penetration pricing in that in the long term penetration pricing establishes long term price expectations for the  product, and image preconceptions for the  brand  and company. This makes it difficult to

Does Health Policy assist in combating some of the health problems in Essay - 1

Does Health Policy assist in combating some of the health problems in United KINGDOM(DEMENTIA POLICY IN UK) - Essay Example Looking at these alarming statistics, it can be noted that incidences of dementia will only continue to grow. Attention needs to be paid to the ways in which it can become an item of national priority with comprehensible plans being laid out for public spending and service development. Dementia is most commonly found in old people, it is said that 1 in 5 people over 80 have some form of dementia while in those over the age of 65, only 1 in 20 seem to be affected (PSSRU, 2007). However, this is not to say that it cannot occur in young people, in UK, a growing number of younger populations are showing early signs of dementia. While no, one, clear factor has been identified as a cause of dementia, it is said that genetic background, lifestyle, age and medical history could lead to the initiation of dementia. The way each individual experiences dementia depends a lot on their physical upkeep, emotional quotient and family support. However, being a progressive disorder, its symptoms eventually become more rigorous as time passes. There are many varieties of dementia and they are classified depending on the different ways in which the infections affect the brain. In this paper we discuss the four major types of dementia that affect the UK population: 2. Vascular dementia is always found in persons who have suffered a stroke (it could be a single stroke or a series of small strokes). This dementia takes form when the oxygen supply to the brain fails following a stroke and brain cells die (Alzheimers Society,

Violence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Violence - Research Paper Example In the modern world, the beliefs and attitudes and that parents possess are formed mostly by interacting with those people who are in their society and based on what they read (Walsh, 2002). As a result, people have differing views towards corporal punishment today when compared to traditionalists. The purpose of this paper is to undertake a critique on the article titled Spankers and Nonspankers by Wendy Walsh, and propose the mechanisms that should have been adopted in order to make the research exercise an effective one. This way it will be clearer as to whether spanking is appropriate or inappropriate to be practiced as a means of disciplining young children. Spanking is adopted in many families as a common practice though it subjects children to risks that are associated with its side effects. As a result, it is treated as an inappropriate mechanism of managing behavior. Therefore, before embarking on spanking, it is essential for one to seek relevant advice on its appropriateness towards moulding the behavior of children. The study related to the article adopted the health belief model. Here, spankers and nonspankers were investigated based on the spanking messages that were given to them from a total of eight sources of the information. They were also supposed to reveal the relevance that they attributed to the messages (Walsh, 2002). The data that was aimed at facilitating for the study was gathered from telephone interviews that were conducted in 998 mothers who had children that were aged between 2 and 14 years (Walsh, 2002). After an analysis of the data was carried out, it was revealed that 33 percent of the mothers rated the information that they received from magazines, newspapers, workshops and pediatricians as very important. At most 15 percent of the mothers rated relatives, parents and friends as very important (Walsh, 2002). The people who were aligned towards

Heraldic shield Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Heraldic shield - Research Paper Example The very shield in question has several constituents. The eagle can be used as a symbol of representing power authority and the sun. The eagle is the king of the birds; this shows authority it has over other creatures. Rarely do eagles lose in combat; this shows they have strength and power to rule. Therefore, they symbolize strong and powerful leadership. Indian herbalists and wizards use the feathers of eagles in their treatment of the sick. This shows that the eagle has a medicinal value and this can be used to symbolize the gift to give life to the hopeless. Eagles have been known to have a clear vision and soaring spirit. These are best qualities a leader can have; a clear vision means that the leader can make wise and just decisions. A soaring spirit means the leader is always aiming for more. This symbolizes the initiative and ambitions that an exemplary leader should have in order to lead his or people to greater prosperity (Bentley et al, 54). This is the main reason why eag les are connected with wealth and prosperity. The most outstanding character that distinguishes the eagle from other living creatures is the ability to take responsibility. The eagle is monogamous in nature; interestingly, the male and female eagles both share the responsibility of taking care of their young ones. This is not only symbolic but also enlightening. This shows responsibility as the leader should be responsible enough in order to lead people. This as well helps to advice people who tend to run away from responsibilities like taking care of their young ones. The eagles can be used to represent freedom. This observation is ttained by the size of their territories; an eagle can have a home ranging in thousands of acres this shows that the eagles are not afraid of conquering new territories in the bid of enjoying their freedom (Bohl & Rynn 85). In most mythical beliefs, it is said that the spirits of the eagles are free and independent creatures that roam alone. Through this aid in educating people on the significance of being free, we are able to make choices alone without relying on others every time because, in life, some decisions are made alone as they are personal. This symbolizes the rights and freedom of an individual to choose their own paths in life that seem suitable to them. The picture of the eagle in heraldic shield demonstrates exceptional leadership, power, authority and vision in a group organization or country (Connell et al, 156). An acorn is small seed from an oak tree. Normally, it is green and most fall of the tree when matured. When they fall off from the mother tree, another oak tree can emerge from the fallen seeds. The procedure is normally performed thoroughly over and over until a whole forest emerges from a single acorn. This helps to symbolize the process of achieving greatness by starting out from scratch. This concept is applied to encourage people whose lives or worlds have fallen that they can still achieve greatness l ife. It encourages people to realize their full potential (Cornwell et al, 78). If an acorn with no brains can become a forest, what can a person with brains and senses achieve if he puts his minds to it? This is a symbol of hope to those who feel their destined fail due to a single fall or slip at one point in their lives or careers. Imagine an acorn that has fallen down - it has no survival techniques and yet a forest can emerge from it. This has been

Online Consumer Engagement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Online Consumer Engagement - Essay Example Customer engagement is one such strategy that can significantly improve customer satisfaction. As the name suggests customer engagement is the commitment of the customer with the company or the product. As Mc Ewen suggests, "if you don't make a connection with your customers then satisfaction is worthless" (Mc Ewen, Fleming, 2003). Regardless of how high a company's customer satisfaction level may be, if their customers are not able emotionally connect with the company or their products to high levels of customer satisfaction of no use. Internet today is playing a very crucial role in affecting consumer behavior. Most companies have identified that starting B2B and B2C. channels over the Internet not only reduces costs in terms of paperwork, front desk time, personnel time etc., it also gives the customers the freedom to view previous products at the comfort of their homes get reviews about the products talk about it online to other customers and then make a well-informed decision. O nline Publishers Association presented their finding that the Internet is the most dominant source for initial awareness, further learning, deciding where to buy and purchases when compared to any other media (Online Publishers Association, 2007). Thus, today customer engagement is essential not only in the physical store but also over the Internet. This is referred to as online customer engagement. The following sections aim at identifying the various nuances associated with online customer engagement. Online Consumer Behavior What drives customers from one website to another What makes the customers stay longer on a particular website when compared to others What influences the customers to buy the same product on one website when compared to another Please, and many other such relevant questions can be answered by understanding consumer behavior on the Internet. Brynjolfsson and Smith called Internet as "the great equalizer" because the technology capabilities of the Internet medium reduce buyer search and switching costs and eliminate spacial competitive advantages that retailers would enjoy the physical marketplace (Brynjolfsson and Smith, 2000). In 1999, a research carried out by International Data Corporation and RelevantKnowledge showed that users are not loyal to one web portal. At that time, it did show that Yahoo had a higher loyalty rate than others; however, no other portal had a substantial loyalty rate (Spring, 1999). Spring analyzed that the reason for this lack of loyalty at that time was d ue to the fact that not every portal realized the importance of building "closer and tighter relationships with consumers". Several researchers over time have analyzed the various factors that affect Online Consumer Behavior. An inclusive, but by no means exhaustive list is presented below. Usability: The definition of usability as stated by ISO is "a set of attributes of software which bear on the effort needed for use and on the individual assessment of such use ..." (ISO, 1991b). With respect to e commerce, it is the set of characteristics of the website that make online engagement of the consumer a good experience.

Surveying and mapping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Surveying and mapping - Essay Example Designing an effective and efficient survey network is one of the essential aspects in the implement of field surveys. In contrast, the design of a survey network is a complicated and sophisticated task because a survey network needs to meet or exceed specified criteria for precision, reliability, sensitivity, and cost. Other pivotal factors must be taken into account in a feasible design, such as geological criteria, suitability for equipment measurement, long term safety, field time and access costs (Talaya, et al., 1999). Therefore, it is vital to implement the techniques and instruments of the design of the survey network to deal with a variety of current problems. For instance, deformation monitoring network of dam (Gà ¶kalp and TaÅŸÃ §Ã„ ±, 2009), precise levelling of the network (Shahrum and Azhari, 2009), and control the network of construction, have drawn intensive attention for surveyors. The aim of survey network design is understood as creating an optimal network configuration and observation plan that satisfies the postulated network quality criteria (e.g., error ellipses and redundancy numbers) with minimum cost (Amiri-Simkooei and Sharifi, 2004). In other words, survey network design has two aspects: using the current equipment and condition to imbue the layout of the survey network with a higher accuracy, sensitivity and reliability; the cost of the survey network is the lowest when the network meets the precision, sensitivity and reliability.... Increasing amounts of researchers have considered the very pivotal role feedback loops play in the overall progress of network design technology (Mishima 2009; Anderson, and Mikhail, 2003). With the growing need for increased feedback mechanisms to ensure accuracy and reliability, software such as Geolab has emerged to attempt to account for these measures through trial-and-error procedural least square adjustment. Still, the complete potential of such a system remains to be understood. This research advances with a context consideration of this theoretical understanding. 1.2 Classification of survey network design In accordance with Grafarend’s suggestions (Grafarend, 1974), survey network design can be decomposed into four smaller problems. 1) Zero order design (ZOD) The free network that is a known configuration and observation plan will select an optimal coordinate system for the coordinate of control points and their variance. In other words, to determine the coordinates of vector X and the co-factor matrix when the design matrix and weight matrix of observation P is known, so that X is an objective function to extremes. Therefore, ZOD is an adjustment problem. 2) First order design (FOD) Design matrix A will be determined when the observation matrix P is known, so that some elements of the survey network reach a predetermined value or the highest accuracy, or the best approximation to the Coordinate of a given matrix. 3) Second order design (SOD) To determine the weight matrix of observation P when the design matrix P is known, so that some elements can achieve the desired accuracy or the highest accuracy, or coordinate the best approximation of a co-factor matrix given matrix. 4) Third order design

Citizen United vs. Federal Election Essay Example for Free

Citizen United vs. Federal Election Essay Analyze the arguments presented in the â€Å"Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commission† case to determine which arguments you find the most persuasive. Explain both your rationale and the probable impact of the outcome of this case on corporate governance moving forward. Prof Armstrong I must agree with the argument of Justice Stevens.In the context of election to public office, the distinction between corporate and human speakers is significant. Although they make enormous contributions to our society, corporations are not actually members of it. They cannot vote or run for office. His argument was based on the distinction between corporate and human speakers. I feel that because corporations contribute a vast amount of money to political candidates for election they believe they have the right to dictate our countries policies. The breakdown of this argument basically shows the more Money you have (Corporations) the greater your Power (voice) in the political arena. (Halbert, T., Ingulli, E., 2012 p. 34). The breakdown of this argument basically shows the more Money you have the greater your Power (voice) in the political arena. From the e-Activity, discuss ways in which the company you researched could leverage corporate social responsibility as a competitive strategy. Provide specific examples to support your response. I believe this argument fits in well with my discussion on the attempted merger between ATT and T-Mobile. According to the wall street journal ATT is one of the top 10 companies to give political contributions in the current election cycle (2012). The donations include monies give to political parties, candidates, and political action committees. ATT attempted to gain a monopoly in the telecommunications arena by merging with their small competitors. The more money you have the deeper you power and influence over politics. Sources: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/02/corporate-political-donations_n_1644375.html Halbert T., Ingulli, E. (2012). Law and Ethics in the Business Environment. (7th ed.) Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Remote Sensing Bathymetry of Coral Reefs

Remote Sensing Bathymetry of Coral Reefs

Marketing Analysis Of Social Networking Site Orkut Marketing Essay

Marketing Analysis Of Social Networking Site Orkut Marketing Essay Social Networking sites that allow individuals to construct a public profile, articulate with people they know by sharing their connection and view and traverse their connections and those made by people they know. The nature and nomenclature of these connections may vary from sites to sites The leading social networks around the world are Orkut, Facebook, and My Space Twitter etc. The first social networking site that was Six Degrees.com launched in 1997 although it attracted millions of users but failed to sustain as it was considered to be ahead of its time and was closed in 2000.From 1997 to 2001 many community sites were launched but the next wave of these sites began in 2001 by the launch of Ryze.com. Friendster was launched in2002 as a complement to Ryze.com and had 300,000 users by the end of May 2003. By 2003 the social networking sites hi the mainstream. In 2003 the giant GOOGLE proposed to purchase Friendster but failed to do so. Google then internally commissioned Mr Orkut Bà ¼yà ¼kkà ¶kten to work on a competing independent project. And then Orkut was launched on 24th of Jan, 2004.By the end of September 2004 Orkuts membership surpasses 2 million accounts in spite of the fact that the membership was only on invitation. As of 2007, the service claimed 67 million users. Orkut became a huge success in the United States. Orkut spread like a virus in countries like Brazil and India. It also won the YOUTH ICON AWARD 2007 in India. Orkut members are offered various exclusive features. Members can create groups to join friends according to their wish. The can upload videos from You Tube etc. Orkut gives its member the choice to have restricted or unrestricted polls on these videos. Orkut has a competitive advantage of the privacy that it offers to its members. It allows anyone to visit anyones profile, unless a visitor is on the Ignore List Each member has a choice to customize their profile preferences and restrict they information according to their preferences. Gtalk has been integrated in Orkut so that the members can chat from their Orkut page. Orkut leads in countries like India, Pakistan and Brazil. It offers its members a distinct feature called THEMES, offering them a range of colourful themes in the library in which they can change their interface. Figure 1. Distribution of work task interruption The below mentioned figures represent the traffic of Orkut. These even show us that Orkut has been losing its market share in most of the western countries. Orkut has been tremendously successful in Asian countries. Traffic on Orkut by country Traffic of Orkut on March 31, 2004 Flag of the United States.svg United States Flag of Japan.svg Japan Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Other Traffic of Orkut on April 13, 2010[15] Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Flag of India.svg India Flag of the United States.svg United States Flag of Japan.svg Japan Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Other Source: http://en..wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkut#Features Orkut has started losing its market share in the global market. As shown in the above diagram there has been a drastic decrease in the traffic of Orkut in countries like United States, United Kingdom etc. This is because of the rising popularity of its competitors like Facebook, Twitter, My space etc. A study conducted by Nielsens in India show s that Facebook is ruling among the social networking sites. Source: http://www.indiasocial.in/nielsen-study SWOT ANALYSIS OF ORKUT: STRENGTHS: ORKUT is very user friendly due to its graphic user interface. One can view peoples profile and pictures regardless if the person is your friend or not. It is user friendly because navigation is easy, applications are minimal making it is easy for a person who is not a tech-savvy. It is mainly focussed on scrapping friends. It is integrated with GOOGLE CHAT. ORKUT gives more privacy and security compared to some of its competitors. Menus and other applications are arranged in a organised manner making it simpler for the user. ORKUT has a free feature PROMOTE THIS in which you make a message and circulate and reach other in the network. There is a feature in ORKUT that provides you relevant jobs. WEAKNESSES: GOOGLE INC. Treated ORKUT as just a sideline business, not giving it much attention that was required and hence creating a space for competition..The ORKUT account does not give you the freedom to navigate into different websites so in turn you have to go through the registration process. You cannot promote your business through ORKUT compared to that of its competitor Facebook that has a feature that through your Face book account you can go to different websites and post your adverts and add a backlink and this also gets activated on your Facebook profile allowing people in your network to know what you have done. To make friends in an ORKUT account you have to visit the persons profile and then send the friend request. ORKUT has a lot of spam. ORKUT was last redesigned in 2007. OPPORTUNITIES: ORKUT is very popular among Brazilians and Indians. ORKUT is a market leader in these countries so there is a lot of opportunity that ORKUT can bring to its favour in these countries.The increase in usage of broadband and wi-max technology is a big opportunity were innovations should be done. THREATS: ORKUT has a major threat from its arch rival Facebook as its market share is relatively increasing to that of ORKUT. The other competitors like hi5, Twitter, My Space etc.are also picking up the pace. ORKUT is being misused by people and facing major issues like Death Threats which is becoming a major concern..Some political groups demanding to ban ORKUT. ORKUT has been repeatedly facing issues on being medium of promotion for hatred by some religious communities, illegal drug deals and child pornography, kidnapping and murders etc . Posing a threat to the image of the brand. Fake profiles can be created. PESTL ANALYSIS OF ORKUT: POLITICAL: There been controversies around ORKUT by various hate groups and they have a lot of followers there. This has created an anti-national and anti-ethical environment. This has leaded a lot of criticism from political groups and leading to banning in some countries. ECONOMIC : This is quiet a relevant factor that is chasing people to promote their businesses on ORKUT, in this time of recession. This is resulting in positive impact as ORKUT has a feature through which people are able to find jobs and as business ideas. Due to the economic meltdown the prices of technology and gizmos have come down, hence people can avail laptops , multimedia handsets etc and use this kind of inexpensive media of communication to the fullest. SOCIO CULTURAL :- There have been a lot of controversies regarding the same in Islamic countries. In these countries the government banned ORKUT in order to preserve the national security and Islamic ethical issues. To overcome this situation Orkutproxy.com was created but subsequently this has become a challenge due to the government blockage as the https pages on all the anonymous sites were closed. There a lot of hate groups that are considered to be a major threat to countries as this created a anti-national environment affecting the lives of people on a day to day basis. TECHNOLOGICAL : Due to the continuous advancement in the tech gadgets and gizmos the social networking has been a lot more accessible and popular. The 3GS phones, instant messaging and majorly the wifi connectivity have helped to increase the users of social networking due to the anytime accessibility levels. This has helped the users to keep in touch with their friends and community members and get the updates on their accounts and groups at all times. LEGAL : Earlier people could view anyones accounts, videos, photos etc and tamper them. There have been huge legal implications regarding the privacy issues as people started to use the photos and videos and placing them on internet with fake details. Huge number of them were vulgar, especially that of women. In June 2006 some researches discovered a worm, MW.Orc, which steals users banking details, usernames and passwords by propagating through ORKUT. In 2007 a security advisory was published on Orkuts vulnerabilities related to the autheciation issues, leading to misuse of legitimate accounts. There were similar attacks that were repeatedly reported for e.g. in 2007 the W32/ Kut Wormer, in 2008 W32/ Scapkut worm affecting the Orkut users in large numbers. There have been a number of other legal issues like in 2006 the Bombay High Courts Aurangabad bench served a notice on GOOGLE for allowing a campaign against India that carried a picture of a burned Indian flag and anti-India content. Rec ently, the Pune police cracked a rave party filled with narcotics. There was a deliberate charge on ORKUT under the Indian Information Technology Act, 2000 as it was believed to be a mode of communication for the same. Similar cases are reported in Brazil as well creating distrust among Orkut users. OBJECTIVE SETTING AT DIFFERENT STRATEGIC LEVELS: CORPORATE OBJECTIVE: To increase profitability by 30% worldwide by 2011 and to in increase the number of unique users to 20 million a day. BUISNESS S OBJECTIVE: To increase usage of ORKUT to 80% worldwide, primarily increase the traffic in Asia- Pacific countries by 2011. I have choosen Asia Pacific because as shown in the world stats one-third of the population of the internet users are people from Asia Pacific region. MARKETING OBJECTIVE: To attain 50% of the market share and become the top most among g the all the other social networking sites worldwide. Here I would primarily focus on capturing 30%of the Asia Pacific market. This is a specific, measurable and attainable figure as according to research report relaesed by Comscore 50.8 percent of the total online population in the Asia Pacific region visited social networking site in Feburay 2010, reaching a total of 240.3 million visitors. This report does not include the visitation from internet cafes and mobiles.The segmented market is the Youth aged 18-35. EXPANSION STRATEGY ACCORDING TO THE ANSOFF MATRIX: ORKUT has been a brand for the last six years. It has been one of the most successful social networking sites and the best known as well. As we see its brand image has gone through a lot of negative publicity considering the facts Orkut should focus on rejuvenating the brand image through market penetration. Orkut should also do product development as the consumers have become a lot demanding. The features that Orkut offers are not in accordance to that of competition, being more precise Orkut should be using innovation to add new features to make it more interesting to be a part of the same. Hence, the strategies that Orkut should follow are Market Penetration and Product Development. EXPANSION STRATEGY ACCORDING TO THE ANSOFF MATRIX: Market Penetration : ORKUT is already a well known brand. We need to rejuvenate the brand image in a positive way by aggressive marketing of the brand at the right places. This strategy will not only increase the market share in the prevelant countries but also in countries of Asia Pacific where social netwroking is on a tremedous growth. I am using market penetration for Orkut because according to a research conducting by Neilsens Orkut has started losing its market share in countries like India and Brazil where it was a market leader. Hence it makes it very important that I revive the brand image to maintain the market sahre in the existing markets and also focus on the emerging markets like other regions of Asia Pacific. Product Development: I needs to rejuvenate the brand by doing a lot of innovation because Orkut was las t redesigned on 28 October 2009. As technology is changing in every minute we need to meet the pace . We re far behind in comparision to our competitors the features that we offer are not up to mark . We do not offer enough service s to the users that is diverting our users to shift their netwokrs to our competitors.Hence it becomes ver y necessary for us to work on innovation and add I PORTERS GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES: PORTERS GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES: I am going to use Focus and Differentiation for Orkut. FOCUS : I would majorily focus on the age groups between 15 to 44. According to a report by comscore the graph represents that in Asia Pacific the age group that uses the internet the most is the the people between 15 to 44. PORTERS GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES: The report realesed by Comscore in 2010 clearly state that the Social networking sites have had a ubiquitous growth in Asia Pacific region . Hence going by the facts of both the reports I am choosing Asia Pacific Region as the area of focus for Orkut to grow. DIFFERENTIATION: Social networks are very infutential, the network that we create online does not match our offline profile.People are increasingly using the web to get information they need from each other, rather than that from businesses.People know about products and brands throught friends.So in order to diffrentiate I would reccommend to add an embedded social features key on the user page. These networks are about pursuing relationships and fostering communities of consumers , hence it becomes important to understand the behaviour. People dont care much about technology rather they care about the communication that technology enables.Through thousand of years we have formed groups and strong and weak relationships. To become successful in the long term its important that we understand the motivation behind using a new technology before developing it.People are more comfortable with the people they have strong ties with. Studies on online gamers show that they most often play with people they have strong ties with. Hence, we need to give options the communication channels for the users like one to one or one to many at the right times. We need to design our user page supporting these interactions. Privacy is all aboutcontrolling how much other people know about you. Manintaining peoples privacy is a major concern. In order to help our users doing this we need to make our site less complex and more transparent. So people understand the consequences of their actions.I recommend to do so we develop trust amongst our user leading to repetitive usage and more users in the long term.These are the key differentiators. TACTICS: PRODUCT: I would recommend to use innovation to revive the brand image of ORKUT. In order to do so I would add different feature like a google search engine toolbar on the user page as I know the Asian Pacific users use the internet for navigation an d entertainment . The user page would have the famous entertainment sources like for youngster is would have the famous music, for middle aged people it would have navigation to different job sites, and old people would have religious programs and world news etc on the user pages. This would help in differentiate Orkut from its competitors. PRICE: Price does not have relevance as the users do not have to pay any price to use the service. I t is a virtual commodity and the revenue structure is based on the number of users.Hence, price does not hold any value. PLACE : This is the most important out of all the tactics for Orkut. It is already available on the electronic and portable medium .In order to achieve market penetration Orkut tag should be used on the most popular sites like Google Search Engine, Gmail etc.As portable medium like celluar phones etc. are the most preferabel medium of communication by the youth Orkut should have a tie-up with cellular manufacturers like Apple Blackberry etc to have an ingrained Orkut application in their handsets. PROMOTION: Orkut should use agressive marketing. As I realize that the major market segment for ORKUT is the youth. Alliances: Unique features like discounted tickets for movies and sports events should be introduced through alliances with the respective partners like a tie up with the Indian Premier League which is the most awaited event of the year to attract more users.Alliances with various blog to promote the Orkut tag . Press Releases: I propose that Orkut should realunch it self through press realeases emphasizing on the added features to create awareness and attract new users. To generate high awareness I reccomend Orkut to use the following mediums: Print Media: Orkut should be highlypromoted on with the differentiated features on youth and sports magazines sush as Sports Star. Outdoor: I recommend Orkut to be promoted with attractive hoardings in youth hang out areas like the cafes,colleges like Cafe coffee Day, Starbucks etc Mobile Media: I reccommend Orkut to be promoted on mobile mediums like buses , taxis and trains which are the essential medium of communication for the youth. New Media: Aggressive presence of Orkut Tags on the most visited websites like you tube , journals etc. PEOPLE: Goolge Inc has been known for its creative minds To rejuvinate Orut Google should introduce more creative minds to the tasks . In order to generate new ideas Google should use interactive worshops through which there can be a sharing of ideas. PROCESS: Google should continue using its Graphical User Interface in order to rejuvinate the website. The user interfcace is a competitive adavntage of Orkut , I recommend Orkut to continue to leverage it. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE: Brand image is very important for Orkut , in order to do so I reccommend Orkut to delivers complimentary services like leisure and entertainment. In India Orkut had a theme of a famous reality series on the website. It was immensely successful.I reccommend Orkut ot use such proven strategies on the web page.The packaging in terms of the whole outlook of the website should be changed . It should have attractive things like gaming tags on the top. IDEA : The logo should be . Actions to followed tobe done to achieve the tactics: Google has the head office in London and all the activities are controlled here.All the major actions ar e undertaken here. As the marketing plan is all objective based so I reccommend Orkut to use the objective and task method to set my budgets regarding the same. The total budget for the promotional activities is $400 million . The allocated amount is divided into six activities. G A N T T C H A R T Total Budget is 300 Million: Marketing Activities Time (when action) Responsibility 2011 2010 J F M A M J J A S O N D Redesigning of the Website à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Programmers Advertisement à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Advertising Agency Press Releases à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ PR Executives and Marketing Executives Relaunch of Product à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Sales Executives Sponsorships à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Marketing Executives Alliances à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ PR Executives Total $ Million Gaining Control over the actions: Control and monitoring of the actions will be done in the following ways. The companys performance wil be analysinsed through monitoring with different key performance indicators. Auditing: Control will be exercised through time tot time audits by performing the Marketing Audits. As Google in a innovative company and sis in a highly competitive industry the control should be conducted by internal auditors. The performance gaps will be identified throught these audits .Hence forth, the corrective measures should be accordingly. The auditing process will allow GOOGLE to keep a close eye on the profitabiliy of ORKUT. Benchmarking: As ORKUT is not a market leader in the industry I propose to use benchmarking as Facebook who is the gives the most fierce competition does BEST PRACTICES in this industry, therefore I recommend Orkut to follow the same. Facebook bechmarks the industry in the applications like Gaming , Friend suggestions etc. CRITICAL REFLECTION: Orkut WHAT IS THAT?: Nowdays that is what everyone is asking. Orkut is a product from the giant of innovation GOOGLE INC, which is the the pioneer of search engine. I have taken Orkut as the product because in this world of globalization the social networking sites are having a huge im pact on the minds of the online population. This is the major reason for choosing Orkut as it has seen a huge success in the intital times but since a few years the brand has been overtaken by social networking sites which joined the race in the later years. I am amazed by the attitude Google has had towards Orkut and having a inquisisitve nature wanted to know the decline of the users.Orkut has been leading the market in India and their have been communities created by Indians and studies have shown that Indians love Orkut . Orkut has been the preferable social networking site of software developers in India.But in the recent times the popularity has significantly decreased. I have been in the professional environment for the last seven years. I have been working as a Business Development Manager and a Research Analsyst.These work profiles required a lot of networking and to suffice the purpose I had joined ORKUT. As ORKUT has a lot of communities and this helped me enhance my network through Orkut and inturn lead me to financial gains . Since the inception of social networking in India which is relatively new concept, Orkut has been seen as the synonym of such inception but recent reviews and statstics reveal huge decline in the popularity of Orkut. I have choosen Orkut because I have seen the hype about it in India and the way it had be modualted it lead into every persons day to day life. But since the last few days I have seen that Orkut ahs been loosing its presence in the market . People are switching to different networking sites due to the add- on features offered on the sites. Now it is becoming a question amongst the sgmented market the YOUTH. People have become skeptical on being on Orkut due to the limited features. Orkut was redesigned before two years and this has lead to losse in the value of users.The social networking is a very innovation driven industry and is promoted by its users thourgh word of mouth. Orkut has been neglecting innovation.Thus, its hold over the customer has lost because of the best practices carried by competition. Wisdom Outcomes of Marketing Modules: Rejuvination of ORKUT: Prior to starting of MBA marketing for me was just a synonym of sales.On completion of the module and especially after doing this particular assignment the entire preception of marketing has drastically tranformed. But now the conception is clear that marketing is not just sales but it goes beyond it and there are many factors that affect the same.This module has given me the in-depth view to the subject in terms of planning and implementation. The deep concepts have been simplified to by day to day examples that we come across in our daily lives.The analytical models like Mckinseys ,SWOT, Segmentation, Branding The 7 Ps etc. have been become very easy.Although being a layman, using these analysis some how or the other I have been impelementing these concepts but I was unaware of the terminology.Knowing the concepts in depth through the module has given me a clear picture of the concepts to help me in the future. The module has taught me that the every product goes through the product life cycle. And the stages are defined by the parameter of sales. The SOSTAC model that is a part of the module has given me the clear understanding of that how indepth analysis of the marketing can rejuvinate the brand image.I have used the same to carry out the analysis and have deep understaing ORKUT.This has revised my previous view that there are no amendments or solutions when the product is declining.The decline stage of the product can be identified when there is a decline in the sales. I have applied the same to ORKUT.Orkut has been a leader in the social networking industry . While applying the SOSTAC model, I have imbibed the fact that most of the management modules and principles are integrated, and marketing provides a common interface across all the different principles of management studies. Principles of finance, operations, human resource management are all utilised in the SOSTAC model. During my study I followed the following pathway: After deciding that orkut is going to be my subject of study, I first and foremost wanted to know what is the market scenario in which Orkut is operating. For this purpose, I started with the SWOT analysis. Through SWOT I was able to map the external and the internal and the internal environment. After having done the SWOT, I decided to take a look at the macro environment. For this purpose I had applied the PESTLE analysis. The PESTLE gave me a closer insight of the business environment in which Orkut is operating. The objective setting section takes into consideration the mission and vision of the company. After having a look at these aspects, I developed my strategies on the basis of SMART objectives. All the strategies of the company are interelated with each other. The strategy setting of the company has taught me how to analyse the activities through which the company tries to achieve its competitive advantage. The difference in the strategic perspectives such as Ansoffs Matrix, BCG Matrix, GE McKinsies Matrix , and the Porters Generic Strategies were very well formulated in the module. This gave me an in depth way of understanding what would be the most appropriate strategy for Orkut.Thus I have taken Ansoffs Matrix and Porters Generic Strategies. While doing the Tactical recommendations, I came to understand the concepts of the 7Ps of marketing. I can now understand the the 7Ps involve all the different prospects of management. The working on promotional mix became much simpler because there were case studies on communication strategies of declining brands discussed in the class. The part of the action plan that involves the GNATT chart was very well taught in the lecturing sessions. Allocation of duties made me dig into concepts of Human Resource Management.The human resource pay a critical par tof allocating the promotional duties to the right person.The promotional activities are the most crucial part of brand awareness and this has taught me there is a lot of people management that goes into all these activities. The budget planning prompted me to have a look at the financial statements of the company. Final the part consisting of the control and monitoring helped me to inculcate concepts of operations management in my marketing plan. The concepts of benchmarking and best practices helped me to understand how a market follower often often follows the market leader to achieve operational effectiveness. Thus the marketing module not only teaches us the maketing concepts but also builts up a holistic approach towards MBA.In order to have a successful career in marketing it is not only important that I have in depth of the marketing theories and modules but every department of the organisation has a signififcant contribution towards it.The module has taught me that all the twigs of management comprising of marketing, finance, operations and strategy are all incorporated and interrelated. PERSONAL EXPERIENCE: This module has taught me to enjoy the process of learning and have ingrained knowledge of the subject.The way in which the concepts have been taught have given depth to the them and made them interesting.The concepts have been linked with the real life examples of comapanies and products that we use on a day to day basis. The real life case studies and examples have taken the learning process to under level. These examples have taught to interlink what we do in our day to day lives and how it affects the nature of the companies and consumers. The module has taught us to use the day to day mediums of communications like the newspapers, taxis and view the promotional skills in the context of marketing communications and link the concepts with activities the companies carry out. Some examples like British Airways, Poundland, Motorola, Virgin Rails and many more have encouraged me to do extensive research about the companies and how they use the concept of marketing to enhance their image. I was not aware that the companies use dirty skills to market their products and what extent they go to to enhance the sales. The lectures have been highly interactive and they have made the process of the enjoyable.The high level of interaction in the lectures made me confident about

Free Glass Menagerie Essays: Relationship Between Jim and Laura :: Glass Menagerie essays

Glass Menagerie: Relationship Between Jim and Laura In high school, Jim was basically your all around nice guy. He was friendly to everyone, and an example of this is that he called Laura "Blue Roses". He was being friendly when he nicknamed her that, but otherwise they didn't really talk to each other. That was basically under the only circumstances that they actually talked. The only reason that Jim asked Laura what was the matter in the first place, was because she was out of school for a long time and he was just a little concerned like anyone that is your all around nice and friendly type of person would do. Jim was confident about himself all throughout high school. Laura was not. Evidence to prove Jim's confidentiality in himself is when Tom is telling us about Jim, "He seemed to move in the continual spotlight...He was always running or bounding, never just walking."(pg.61) Evidence from the text to prove Laura wasn't very confident in herself, is when she says, "Yes, it was so hard for me, getting upstairs. I had that brace on my leg - it clumped so loud!...I had to go clumping all the way up the aisle with everyone watching!"(pg.94) Jim was always in the company of others. Evidence of this is, "He seemed to move in a continual spotlight. He was a star in basketball, captain of the debating club, president of the senior class and the glee club and he sang the male lead in the annual light operas."(pg.61) Laura was the exact opposite of him. She was a bit of a wallflower. She did not like being around other people because she thought that they were mocking her, so this is why she tried to just blend in with the crowd. Jim had fond memories of his time in high school. As Tom would say, "He was a star in basketball, captain of the debating club, president of the senior class and the glee club and he sang the male lead in the annual light operas."(pg.61) This is the memories that Jim has from high school. Laura, on the other hand, has only one fond memory of high school, and that memory is Jim. She remembers Jim as this perfect guy that everyone liked. And she liked him too, just because he took the time to give her a pet name and inquire about her health.

The Deep End Of The Ocean :: essays research papers

The Deep End of the Ocean   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the film The Deep End of the Ocean, we can apply some concepts discussed in the Interpersonal Communication curse. The film emphasis a communication problem into a family after the Ben’s abduction. Ben was the middle child of Beth and Pat. The older son was Vincent, who had an important role in the drama, and Kerry was the smaller. The abduction took place during Beth’s class reunion. After nine years, Beth found him, he was leaving very close to the real family. Ben and his false father never knew that he was abducted because they were betrayed by the woman who took him at the class reunion. The problem was that Ben wants to stay leaving with the man who take care of him. At the end of the film Ben understood that his place was with the Cappadora’s family   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Through the movie we are able to see how painful it was to the Cappadora family to deal with the lost of a member. I say that the film emphasis a communication problem because after the tragedy, Beth never was the same. She was not communicating with anyone and there we see a miscommunication problem explained in the class. The affected with this situation was Vincent, who felt abandon because her mom never communicate to him and in a certain way she never paid attention to him thinking about Ben all the time. Pat, her husband, also paid the consequence of the miscommunication problem and in different ways he try to help Beth communicate better and to get over the emotional crisis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We are able to see the transition Beth had. After the tragedy she was impossible to talk with but at the end she change with everyone help and also by herself. She understood that caring about the lost child she abandons the one that was always with her. She recognizes that the better way to begin a new better communication with Vincent was begging him the pardon. Even thou the lost of the child were the main conflict of the movie, to me the most important thing is the reaction or the way all the family members confront it. Sometimes with this kind of problems we close ourselves to other people and that’s not the better way to get over it. With this kind of attitude we hurt or even lose more people.

Insanity is Independence Essay -- Analysis, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s

Conformity, whether good or bad for society, is never beneficial for the individual. In the late 40’s and 50’s people conformed or they were excluded. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is a novel about non-conformists, the people who can’t be the same, and more who didn’t want to be identical. These are the insane ones. The sane ones are the authoritative figures who mentally, physically, and sexually abuse the patients, but they are also the people who decide what is right and healthy for the insane. Ken Kesey demonstrates that those in power become corrupted to argue that the fate of individuals in society should be determined by the persons themselves. Nurse Ratched is propelled by a desire to have complete control over the patients rather than the goal to save the patients and so exacerbates residents in the ward. Her need for control is exemplified by her battle with McMurphy, where her only aim is to quell the rebellion started by the â€Å"intolerable Ward Manipulator† (28). She conceals her true motives under the pretense of the goal of sanity, but her true purpose is to maintain control over all her patients. Doctor Spivy, an expert on mental health, does not receive a share of authority. Even in the group discussion the doctor’s comments are censored. For instance, when he comments on the prospect of a therapeutic carnival in the ward, Miss Ratched dismisses the possibility because it is a topic that â€Å"should be discussed in [the] staff meeting† (109). Nurse Ratched becomes inseparable with her delusion of complete control instead of with her occupational objectives. Her behavior with the pat ients on the ward indicates her feelings toward those in her care. She nods curtly in an â€Å"automatic gesture† only to preser... ...ht [herself] to be a God† (318). This sudden change of heart for both the doctor signifies self-empowerment. Self-empowerment, a rejection of conformity and fostered by McMurphy, gave the former residents of the ward a sense of purpose. Kesey argues for independence and non-conformity. The happiness for the patients came only when they could decide their own destiny. An independent man or woman does not need the advice of the Combine to know what they want in life. So often is the things that are desirable in life are only wanted by a very few. It is tragic that many different people, gays, women, blacks, Asians, have had to wait for the approval of the white men in charge for their own actions. The moral of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is that only an individual knows what is right for him or her, so it is up to that person to decide their own fate. Insanity is Independence Essay -- Analysis, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Conformity, whether good or bad for society, is never beneficial for the individual. In the late 40’s and 50’s people conformed or they were excluded. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is a novel about non-conformists, the people who can’t be the same, and more who didn’t want to be identical. These are the insane ones. The sane ones are the authoritative figures who mentally, physically, and sexually abuse the patients, but they are also the people who decide what is right and healthy for the insane. Ken Kesey demonstrates that those in power become corrupted to argue that the fate of individuals in society should be determined by the persons themselves. Nurse Ratched is propelled by a desire to have complete control over the patients rather than the goal to save the patients and so exacerbates residents in the ward. Her need for control is exemplified by her battle with McMurphy, where her only aim is to quell the rebellion started by the â€Å"intolerable Ward Manipulator† (28). She conceals her true motives under the pretense of the goal of sanity, but her true purpose is to maintain control over all her patients. Doctor Spivy, an expert on mental health, does not receive a share of authority. Even in the group discussion the doctor’s comments are censored. For instance, when he comments on the prospect of a therapeutic carnival in the ward, Miss Ratched dismisses the possibility because it is a topic that â€Å"should be discussed in [the] staff meeting† (109). Nurse Ratched becomes inseparable with her delusion of complete control instead of with her occupational objectives. Her behavior with the pat ients on the ward indicates her feelings toward those in her care. She nods curtly in an â€Å"automatic gesture† only to preser... ...ht [herself] to be a God† (318). This sudden change of heart for both the doctor signifies self-empowerment. Self-empowerment, a rejection of conformity and fostered by McMurphy, gave the former residents of the ward a sense of purpose. Kesey argues for independence and non-conformity. The happiness for the patients came only when they could decide their own destiny. An independent man or woman does not need the advice of the Combine to know what they want in life. So often is the things that are desirable in life are only wanted by a very few. It is tragic that many different people, gays, women, blacks, Asians, have had to wait for the approval of the white men in charge for their own actions. The moral of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is that only an individual knows what is right for him or her, so it is up to that person to decide their own fate.

Sase study, Decision making, Essay

1. Describe what an entrepreneur is, using examples to illustrate why Peter Cruddas is a good example of an entrepreneur. ANS : An entrepreneur is a person who organizes and manages a business undertaking, assuming the risk for the sake of profit. An entrepreneur needs to be good at risk taking, organization and innovation. This case study focuses on the entrepreneur Peter Cruddas, who set up his own business CMC Markets in the early 1990s with just  £10,000 of capital. Peter was able to spot a gap in the financial services market by using the latest technology at that time – the internet. Peter took the risk, got in first and quickly took the lead. He built a new online platform which was a great innovation at the time. His innovation led to a better way of managing client’s needs as dealers in financial markets needed several different accounts, all with different types of software, which was inefficient and unproductive, a problem that Peter’s services solved. Thus in Peter Cruddas is a good example of an entrepreneur who has made a lot of progress by encompassing innovative ideas, organizing them well and taking the risk to go ahead with them. 2. Explain the main traits of an entrepreneur and show which of these Peter Cruddas demonstrated in setting up and establishing CMC Markets. ANS : The main traits that an entrepreneur must have are : 1) he should not be afraid to take risks. 2) he should be innovative in his ideas and approach so as to take smarter and more informed decisions and risks. 3) he should have the ability and the capriciousness to organize these ideas and innovations in form of a profitable business, taking advantages of all the opportunities and financial windows at his disposal. Peter Cruddas, who set up his own business CMC Markets in the early 1990s with just  £10,000 of capital, took a great risk, starting out. But he used his abilities to organize and innovate, setting up very creative and efficient online platforms to take his business to a higher level. He demonstrated the most capricious attitude about the execution of his ideas and that paid off. CMC Markets is now a global company and Peter Cruddas is the wealthiest businessman in the city of London. CMC has 18 offices around the world, employs 1,250 people and has around 250,000 clients. The business continues to grow rapidly. In 2008 CMC carried out 21 million trades (buying and selling). 98% of these trades were online. 3. Analyse how CMC Markets got the balance right between rewards and risks in its Innovations. ANS: Often in business there is a positive relationship between risk and reward. In simple terms, the greater the risk you take the more potential there is for high profits. Peter took on an enormous risk when he left his secure job to set up his own business. He took another risk in using his own capital in his new venture. However, Peter lowered the risk by conducting market research. He talked to potential customers to see if they were willing to subscribe to his service and how much they were willing to pay. The key factors that helped CMC balance rewards and risks are: Take risks – but spread them. CMC offers many types of financial trading opportunities in addition to foreign exchange. †¢ Make sure to have a regular income coming in. †¢ Work hard. †¢ Keep control of the business. †¢ Have as wide a customer base as possible. †¢ Keep introducing and pushing through new ideas. †¢ Think laterally – new and non-conventional ideas. 4. To what extent does a new enterprise depend upon the skills of the entrepreneur? Justify your decision. ANS: The skills of an entrepreneur are very vital to the functioning of the enterprise. No enterprise can be a success if it’s head and the person with the most responsibility and decision making power, lacks in certain vital skills. Not only should the entrepreneur be insightful, innovative and brave at taking risks, but he must be a good manager, hire the right people for the right jobs and provide a good working environment and motivation to it’s employees to ensure a smooth functioning. Also, an entrepreneur needs to make quick and fast decisions and be very smart about the marketing of his company. He should be good at dealing with clients too. These things are very vital to the working of any company and the person who runs it must be skilled at them. The business greatly depends on the innovative, brave and organized attitude of the entrepreneur.

History Of Multifocal Bone Infarctions Health And Social Care Essay

Oste iodinecrosis is a h bingley oil tortuosity of cortico steroid hormone therapy. In this survey, we continue the authority of a forbearing with daub of twain reciprocal genuss 1 class ski binding who has been diagnosed with knee oste angiotensin-converting enzymecrosis affecting zygomorphic proximal tibial and distal femoris likely collectible to microvascular hurt to proximal tibia and distal t spunky fig up. A 22-year- older antheral patient toasted with a level of wriggly hurt of both juncture genuss.He had non interpreted any drug, In malice of most(prenominal) anodynes, that leads to oste nonp areilcrosis. One twelvemonth subsequently, he demonstr sufficient symmetrical preliminary join genus nuisance of insidious onco secondg. Magnetic resonance caprice performed on admittance showed osteonecrosis of the zygomorphous proximal tibial and distal femur, ab divulge all sting pronounced in the shin organise and thigh dress up. Osteonecrosis is a reasonably greens complication in patients with the history of corticoid employ for the intercession of assortment of systemic and woebegone disturbs. The status green goddess attest itself anywhere in the skeletal system, most unre moderateably in the femoral caput. Distal thigh mug up and proximal shin mug up with bilateral affaire is rather r ar in the literature. combat flaw of both join genuss and within one twelvemonth gross osteonecrosis of bilateral roast genus roastn is r arst presentation.BONE INFARCTION cognize by new(prenominal) forms i.e. avascular slough, osteonecrosis, sterile mortification, ischaemic bone mortification and AVN ) is a disease due to geological fault of pedigree supply of tissues, be case of vascular via media, cellular decease of bone occur that leads to crash. It is by and large occur in the country where blood supply is unst fitting and by goal arterias. It is largely occur at coxa reefern just late at that place is incr eased opportunity of infarctionion in weight bearing country of junction genus marijuana cig betten besides and leads to gross nakedness of articular surfaces and whole stickns and ligaments. thither are many theories about what causes avascular mortification. affect factors are chem oppositeapy in malignant neoplastic disease patient, long term physical exercise of intoxicant and steroid, station imperfection, decompres chatter illness, vascular via media due to arterial intercalation and thrombosis due to intimal harm, Radiation, prolonged us mount up of bisphosphonate in osteoporosis, blood upsets, much(prenominal) as reaping come up to cell disease, Glycogen storage upset i.e. Gaucher disease. Commonest is idiopathic. Systemic lupus erythematous, Rheumatoid arthritis, Prolonged, repeated movie to high strength per unit areas etcetera So bone infarction can happen by two ship canal one is primary due to condition hurt of blood supply by child or terrible injury kn own as self-generated osteonecrosis of the marijuana cigarette genus ( SPONK ) , is ill understood but seems to be the consequence of some type of injury to the joint genus. It blueprintly affects merely one stick genus and most frequently a individual country within the junction genus. The country of bone in the articulatio genus loses its familiar blood supply and may finally weaken and prostration. This typically leads to job and functional restrictions. The ache is frequently choppy oncoming and increases with weight bearing, step mounting, and at dark. SPONK is most frequently seen in elderly adult females with osteoporosis and secondrily due to drawn-out word-painting of embark factors, affect multiple countries of the articulatio genus, and 80 % of people fork out both articulatio genuss impact.Case HistoryA 22-year-old adult male with no essential medical history presented subsequently the one twelvemonth of in logical implicationant history of injury comp lained of left articulatio genus smart, which he noted after devising difficult seduce and remainder and one-time(prenominal) without associated injury. Pain became worse at dark.He is property a good scope of articulatio genus gesture bilaterally but terminally terrible painful. Initially he is able to his day-to-day modus operandis but after few old ages subsequently he is non able to make his modus operandi and progressive fatigues additions, muscle neglect wasting, and failing around the joint. He is besides holding history of ictuss for which he is taking pr flushtative but the cause is non cleared because CT encephalon is normal. common research lab scrutiny showed neutrophilia, thrombocytosis, with a hemoglobin degree of 11.3 g/dL, consummate WBC count 14100, N 85 % , L 44 % , M 12 % , RBC 3.84, HCT 35 % , MCV 91 % , MCH 29.5pg, MCHC32.3g/dl, RDW14.8 % , ph4.58, MPV 7.7, percent 0.35 % , PDW 16, and a elevated ESR 101.Periphral daub shows no sickling. An magnetic re sonance tomography of the left articulatio genus showed increased ruddy bone sum of money within the distal thighbone and proximal tibia/fibula, ab initio thought to be compatible with anaemia from an unexplained subversive procedure. Further urologic and gastro enterologic workup was negative. in that location is no history of steroid or other drug consumptions along with no any drawn-out exposure of hazard factors.Clinical Photograph tip centigrades UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.26.49.jpgFig ( 1 ) Bilateral articulatio genus with normal skin coloring corporeal with same degree of kneecap with gentle gush in left sideXRAY OF odd KNEEDegree centigrades UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 13.59.11.jpgfig ( 2 ) radiogram of bilateral articulatio genuss joint with decresed joint infinite with distal femur median(prenominal) com single-valued functionment articular decadency with little addition denseness of median femoral articular border.magnetic resonance imaging OF R T KNEE JOINT Degree centigrades UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.08.28.jpgC UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.11.41.jpgC UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.09.42.jpgFig ( 3 ) There is reasonableness of extended chronic medullary bone infarct in metaphyseal part of thighbone and shinbone with features dual get out mark with deficiency of internal dropsy and rig upto the subchondral home base with prostration of the articular border of thighbone. There is pump edema in subarticular part of shinbone and thighbone. Rate 2 myxoid degenerative alterations are seen in the anterior saddle horn of sideways semilunar cartilage and posterior horn of median semilunar cartilage, break of normal additive uninterrupted low show strength of anterior cruciate ligament with fond(p) break of fiber at tibial and femoral fond regard.MRI OF LEFT KNEEDegree centigrades UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.11.41.jpg C UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.12.39.jpgC UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.12.06.jpgFig ( 4 ) There is grou nds of extended chronic medullary bone infarct in metaphyseal part of thighbone and shinbone with features dual line mark with deficiency of internal hydrops and widening upto the subchondral home base with prostration of the articular border of thighbone. There is marrow hydrops in subarticular part of shinbone and thighbone. burst of anterior horn of median semilunar cartilage. Modrate joint gush predominately in in a higher place patellar pouch.MRI of BRAINBrain parenchyma shows normal MR morphology and grey white distinction, on that point is no focal parenchymal lesion. Basal gangia and thalmi are normal in volume and request strength. Mid encephalon, Ponss, and myelin are of import and appear normal in prefigure strength. The cerebellar hemisphere are normal. ventricular system are normal.WHOLE dead body BONE SCANC UsersuserPictures2013-02-20 10.23.45.jpgDegree centigrades UsersuserPictures2013-02-20 10.23.29.jpgFig ( 5 ) Skeltal scintigraphy done with20mci of 99m Tc-MD P endovenous and graph taken in three stages post slam revels.( 1 ) Flow stage ( conterminous station injection ) at that place is addition flow in part of bilateral articulatio genuss conjunction( 2 ) kindred pool stage ( 5 min station injection ) there is pooling in the part of bilateral articulatio genuss articulation( 3 ) Delayed stage ( 3 hour station injection ) there is increase tracer uptake in the part of bilateral articulatio genus articulation, distal motherfucker of bilateral thighbone, proximal shaft of bilateral shinboneSuggestive of -non particular proposition arthritis bilateral articulatio genuss joint with infarct in distal shaft of bilateral thighbones and proximal shaft of bilateral shinbone.PreventionAt the present, there is no known bar but we can decrese the opportunity of AVN by quenching the hazard factors. Avoid Immuno-suppressants and other drugs such as Steroids, Glucocorticoid, Indocin, and Butazolidin and drugs that prevent the passing of b one mass such as Bisphosphonate ( diphosphonates ) .Foods that are good and nourish castanetss impart Calcium, Magnesium, Vitamin C and Vitamin D.TreatmentThe end in this instance is to better the map and to look into further harm to the bone so that bone and joint survived. Without intervention, most people with the disease will see terrible hurting and restriction in motion. To find the most appropriate intervention, the physician considers the followers the age of the patient, the descriptor of the disease ( proterozoic or late ) , the reparation and whether bone is affected over a little or big country, the underlying cause of osteonecrosis. The articulatio genus is the 2nd most common location for osteonecrosis after hip. The disease can be classified into 4 forms phase I patterned chuck out from no radiographical findings phase II a little flattening of a the median condyle phase Three opthalmic aspect of a radiolucent lesion and present IV articular gristle prostrat ion. There are two typical entities ( I ) self-generated osteonecrosis of the articulatio genus ( SPONK ) , and ( two ) collateral osteonecrosis of the articulatio genus. They are differentiated by age of presentation, associated hazard factors ( e.g. usage of corticoid and alcohol addiction ) , location, lateralization, and condylar engagement. first-class honours degree stop hazard factors i.e. corticoid or intoxicant usage, intervention may non work unless usage of the substance is stopped. Early infarcts ( forward X ray alterations are apparent ) can be treated with a surgical process called nucleus decompressing and bone implanting or autologous bone marrow organ transplanting to better circulation of affected country, but one time the condyle has lost its contour, nucleus decompression will non assist in hurting alleviation and farther prostration of the weight-bearing zone. The of import end to accomplish at this phase is the immobilisation of the affected country. Earl y Reconstruction, with debridement of the necrotic zone and replacing of the dead bone with autologous bone reinforced to back up the subchondral bone at hazard of prostration. Later phases of avascular mortification ( when X ray alterations have occurred ) necessarily packaging to a earnestly damaged bone and/or articulation that require arthroplasty or joint replacing surgery.DISCUSIONOsteonecrosis has been reported during or after the class of steroid intervention in several conditions such as reaping hook cell disease, systemic lupus erythematus, ulcerative inflammatory bowel disease and Crohnsdisease. Corticosteroids are believed to heighten the microvascular ischaemia by change magnitude bone blood flow along with increased bone marrow force per unit area due to intra medullary lipocytes hypertrophy. The status can attest itself anywhere in the skeletal system, most ordinarily in the femoral caput, but interchangeable alterations have been reported in the distal articulat io genus, proximal shinbone, humerus, cubitus and the pes. No clear cut regulations exit sing the dosage and duration of corticoid intervention followed by manifestation of osteonecrosis. Reported instances have documented it every bit aboriginal as 6 months to every bit tardily as three old ages. On carnal theoretical score it is reported to be found one hebdomad after the initial steroid disposal. Osteonecrosis begins perniciously and frequently the diagnosing is hands-down missed and delayed due to practically normal knowledge domain radiogram in proterozoic portion of the disease even in the presence of pathological alterations. MRI has been reported to be more new and specific to observe osteonecrosis in an early stage. In diagnostic patients with negative subject radiogram or MRI findings, the radionuclide bone scan is recommended. It is extremely sensitive for exhibit the countries of enhanced focal consumption in the first place the alterations are evident on other imaging modes. Conservative intervention options including anodynes, braces, trim down weight bearing, bed remainder, deep awake modes and ROM exercisings are offered, but goose egg has been proved to be of much import besides offering a pro tem diagnostic alleviation. None of the intervention options are believed to change the class of the disease. If diagnosed at an early phase, prostration of the subchondral bone and patterned advance of the disease may be averted in some patients by diminishing the joint emphasis and by developing mobility. contrary surgical attacks including nucleus decompression, curettement, and bone graft have been tried with contradictory out comes, nevertheless, the ultimate intervention is frequently a joint replacing in earnestly involved articulations.DecisionIt is a common complication in patients with a history of anterior articulatio genus hurting of long continuance with history of injury or associated with other hazard factors of osteonecros is genrally short-run or semipermanent corticoid. These instances are really hard to name initial phases with simple conventional imaging techniques. A careful scrutiny with high index of intuition is indispensable period covering with patients with anterior articulatio genus hurting. MRI and radionuclide bone scan are reformatory in observing a field radiogram negative lesion. After clinical and radiological rating and verification of such lesion that affect the 2nd most common site after hip i.e. articulatio genus should be managed after proper delegacy production, taking to accomplish hurting gratis(p) articulatio genus motion with non further deterioting the articulatio genus map and to better the morbidity of patient life.

Abortion in the United States Essay

There are two sorts of abortions.Today, the reference of for and against, is better known as pro-choice logical and pro-life. Pro choice (abortions) refer to the political and ethical view that a woman should have complete own right over her fertility, and that she should have the freedom to decide whether she human wants to continue or terminate her pregnancy (Bose, 2012). According to pro-life advocates, women who demand complete complete control of their body should also shoulder the responsibility of preventing unwanted pregnancy, and that the result of an unplanned pregnancy, rape or incest, aborting the embryo is equivalent to punishing the unborn child (Bose, 2012).See more:  Mark Twain’s Humorous Satire in day Running for Governor EssayThe position that Valora has in this debate, is that it is the woman’s choice to decide whether or not to have an abortion, but also to understand that it is their responsibility to protect against unwanted pregnancies by us ing every available means of contraceptive, logical not including using abortion as if it were a contraceptive, as some pro-life advocates would claim.Its a growing debate among Americans.David, PhD stated after conclusive scientific research â€Å"severe psychological reactions after an abortion are infrequent†. The best indicator of your mental feelings after an abortion is to realize your feelings and mental health prior to the abortion. (ProChoice.org).

Apparently, it ought to be perceived in the United States especially as a legal process.Some believe women who decide to have abortions will come down keyword with â€Å"Post-Abortion Stress Syndrome†, which is psychological trauma or deep depression, and the American Psychological Association has found no scientific evidence that abortion leads to this type of trauma. Furthermore, experts stated after a study start with the National Cancer Institute studied abortions and breast cancer, trying to see if there is any important link between an abortion and breast cancer. In the end they settled that there was no link between the chances of breast cancer if you had received an abortion. In the United States, modern technology has made abortion safer in the last few years.Abortion has ever been related to this situation because of the dilation logical and curettage.5% of women have serious complication that may bring them back to be seen or hospitalized. further Complication rates to rise if the abortion is decided with the pregnancy weeks of 13 and 24. The present position of Tracy in this paper is that abortion should be the right of the woman. I do not believe the government or any religious authority should make this type of decision for any woman.

Abortion is the simple manner in the gestation.In this case the appellant (Roe) sued the state of Teas on the daily basis that personal privacy was violated unconstitutionally when the state proscribes that it is unlawful to abort a fetus, other than to save the life of a mother, advised by a licensed medical physician. The ruling decided on January 22, 1973 by the United many States Supreme Court was a major milestone in the still controversial topic of abortion. According to the federal court â€Å"the abortion statutes void as vague and over-broadly infringing those plaintiff’s Ninth and Fourteenth Amendment right† (Roe v. Wade).Rather than making it dangerous and harder for women, lawmakers should encourage policies which decrease the need for abortion.No steady state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor how shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or poverty, without d ue process of law; nor deny to any first person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws (Legal Information Institute). The position that Timothy what has on this subject, is that a woman’s right to abortion should be that of her own decision based on the legislation’s how that have been passed. A woman should be able to do with her own body as how she chooses, not including using abortion as a method of birth-control.Abortion is not all together without some medical complications.

Its seen as a threat to the health of a pregnant mother.Sometimes abortion can even lead rare instances of death. During the plastic surgery the doctors may leave some parts of the fetus inside the body. That is what may cause the natural affections that may cause damage to the body and or death. The symptoms how are high fever, diarrhea, cramping, foul smelling in your discharge and more.Legalizing abortion she had a deep effect on crime rates.Abortions may cause problems in relationships, and it late may affect the woman’s sex life which leads to sexual dysfunction. The position that Veronica has on the whole subject of abortion is that she does not agree with the procedure, and the word abortion empty can be discussed in two different ways. Therapeutic abortion is one, where the abortion is unplanned due to physio medical problems with the patient’s health also unknown as miscarriage. Another way is elective abortion when it is planned.

Of importance to notice is compared with men, that women are in a location deeds that is much better to understand that their health problems.Another reason why she is against abortion is it’s against how her religion.â€Å"If I make a mistake and got pregnant, then I would have to step up to the plate and take care and raise my child. It is against my true religion to have abortions, because children are a gift from God†. In conclusion of this paper, there are two sides to this debate on whether women should have the right to have abortions in the United States.Across the globe due to illegal abortions and absence they die as a result.Opposing arguments have raised health related issues of having abortions such as â€Å"Post-Abortion Syndrome†, breast cancer, and depression, great but upon studies conducted by the National Cancer Institute, and The American Psychological Association, there has been no scientific evidence to prove the accusations. Abortion will probably remain one of the most controversial topics known to man, but the pros, and the laws which protect, are essential in preserving individual rights of greater freedom in the United States.ReferencesBose, D. (2012).

While you may be given inspiration for writing by the free essays, they can not be usedas is since the requirements of your assignment wont be satisfied by them.com/articles/arguments-for-pro-choice-abortions.html. Doe v. Bolton.American culture goes out to places on earth.Retrieved from http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0410_0179_ZS.

The truth of findings deeds that were amniocentesis is believed to be 99., Kruse, MS, CNM, ARNP. (2006). Evaluating the risk of complications. (n.The same is applicable to leading essay authors.http://prochoice.org/about_abortion/facts/safety_of_abortion.html. early Fourteenth Amendment.

The 2 countries tried to acquire different states on their side.Retrieved from http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/amendmentxivHeath, S.No matter the conclusion is easy going to be lost and one saved.com/2012/04/15/opinion/Sunday/having-an-abortion-when-no-one-called-me-a-slut.html. Ninth Amendment. (n.

Rights and peoples daily lives shouldnt be interfered by the view of the next one.law.cornell.edu/constitution/ninth_amendment/Roe v. Wade .In 2003, Iraq was invaded by them.Retrieved letter from http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0410_0113_ZS.