Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Business Economics 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Business Economics 2 - Essay Example In other words it is a closed private economy. Households supply labor to firms which in turn pay wages to the former. They buy goods and services produced by the firms. Next we introduce the government. The government is both a producer and a consumer at the same time. It is not only actively involved in production and consumption but also in charging taxes from and giving subsidies to the first two groups. In the next stage we introduce financial institutions such as banks. They enable the flows to be made smoother through their services such as cheques, credit cards and so on. However, still this is a domestic economy, though there are financial institutions in the rest of the world as well. So we finally introduce international trade, i.e. imports and exports. This is where the problem of balance of payments comes up. Balance of payments is the sum total of all imports and exports between a particular country (e.g. Britain) and the rest of the world in monetary terms. Therefore global financial institutions also come into the system. The circular flow diagram, indeed, adequately represents the fact that what is paid by a member of a given sector, say, firms to a member of another sector, say, households, is income for the latter while it’s expenditure for the former. However, in itself it’s a static model of a dynamic series of national and international flows. This is where its inadequacy as a representative model of income flows shows up. The balance of payments problem of Britain or for that matter of any other country is a dynamic one which necessitates a dynamic modeling structure to adequately capture the hidden forces of change. For instance in 2006, Britain’s total exports were equal to  £ 369,691 million while imports were equal to  £ 424,128 million. Thus the current account balance recorded a deficit of  £ 54,437 million in 2006 (Annual Blue Book of Statistics,

Monday, October 28, 2019

Chocolate eassy Essay Example for Free

Chocolate eassy Essay Chocolate is†¦ Well when you think about chocolate you have a joy feeling, and it’s exciting. Not all chocolate is wonderful though, there are many different kinds of chocolate and depending on the type of person you are not all chocolates are enjoyable. You can tell a differences of chocolate by the appearance, smell, texture, flavor, and especially the percent of coca in a chocolate. The coca plays a very important role in chocolate. Coca is cocoa butter and powder mixed which is cocoa solids and it all comes from the cocoa beans, usually found near the equator. In my experiment of tasting and telling differences between chocolates I found the important role coca plays. The difference coca made with 90%-85% coca in a chocolate. The 90% coca was very dark and dull compared to the 85% that was slightly lighter, less dull than the 90% one. The smells for both the 90% and 85% were similar except the 90% chocolate smelled very dull of chocolate just like black coffee as was the taste also, in the 85% coca it was still hardly any smell of chocolate but very mild and the test was more sugary until the black coffee after taste. The texture of all the chocolates felt the same in my hands but in my mouth it was the hardness or easiness of how the chocolate melted, the 90% chocolate did not really melt it was snappy an di had the chew it to break it down, the 85% chocolate started to melt a little bit but I still had to bite to break it down. Now which chocolate would you prefer? Even though the 90%-85% coca wasn’t much of a difference in the amount of coca, it made a difference in taste, but how much of a difference will 70% coca to the 85%-90% make? Now with less coca the chocolate is starting to look like the average Hershey’s bar we get from any store worldwide. Now there’s less coca I get more of a milk chocolate smell but it’s only a little stronger than the 85% coca. This type of chocolate melts or at least it starts to melt in my mouth and is a lot smoother than both the other chocolates. The flavor of this chocolate with only 70% coca is almost like black coffee with sugar but no milk or cream. Out of all the chocolates that were tried so far the 70% would be my pick of a chocolate. Milk chocolate. One of the most common eaten chocolates in the world, but did you know there are different qualities of milk chocolate and they differ from taste, smell, texture, and appearance? Threes the simple generic brand milk chocolate always 35% coca, wow a drop from every other chocolate, right. The generic chocolate is the lightest of all the milk chocolates and the cheapest as well as quality. All the milk chocolates have around the same smell except the generic brand smells duller of milk chocolate but bold of chocolate more than the dark chocolates. The generic chocolate tastes like the cheap Easter candies, or like drown out not really flavored coffee, old and cold coffee. Again 35% coca but a higher quality chocolate, the one and only Hershey’s brand that’s seen on almost every shelf at stores. The appearance in Hershey’s gives you the signature look of chocolate, it’s the darkest of the 3 kinds of quality milk chocolates. This one has the strongest chocolate smell it gives you the memory of that enjoyable taste of CHOCOLATE. Instead of the coffee flavors that every other chocolate has had Hershey taste like how it smells, wonderful. The highest quality of chocolate is less seen and is also more expensive than Hershey. The look is just a little darker than Hershey but has a very distant flavor. There’s more flavorings in the more expensive brands like vanilla milk sugar and any other additives. All the milk chocolates of 35% coca melt in your hand, even though the qualities are different there all 35% and have the same melting temp and have very distinct flavors. The last chocolate that was tried isn’t actually a chocolate but it’s in its name, none other but white chocolate. The looks are completely different it’s white/yellow because there’s eggs and not coca and also only has coco butter in it. It smells like Hershey’s milk chocolate but taste completely different like cream. The white chocolate melts in my mouth still and there are also different qualities of white chocolate. Two other chocolates that were tried are chili chocolate and sea salt chocolate. Both just have additives in it as different flavors and are 47% coca. The two flavors tasted different than any other chocolate because you weren’t just getting the chocolate taste. Although both of the chocolates smelled, had the same appearance and texture as all the other dark chocolates, it tasted very different. My thoughts on this experiment, changed my thinking of chocolate all together I didn’t know that coca could make such a big difference in the taste smell appearance or texture of a chocolate.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Earthquakes Essay -- Natural Science

Earthquakes Throughout history, man has made many advancements. These advancements have been made to make life easier. The one thing man can't do is to control Mother Nature. Mother Nature can cause many things such as earthquakes. The causes of earthquakes have been theorized in many ways. According to the book Predicting Earthquakes by Gregory Vogt, the Greeks, "blamed the earthquakes on Poseidon, god of the sea"(25). The Hindu believed that "the earth was a platform that rested on the back of eight great elephants. When one of the elephants grew weary, it lowered and shook its head causing the ground above to tremble"(Vogt 25). Margaret Poynter writes "many primitive people thought that the earth rested upon the back of some sort of animal. When that animal became restless, great cracks appeared in the ground, and tall trees swayed and fell. In South America, the animal was a whale. In Japan, it was a great black spider or giant catfish. One ancient tribe thought that four bulls supported the earth on their horns. To amuse themselves, they sometimes tossed it from one to another"(6). In the same book, Poynter says "The Chinese believed that monsters lived in the caves inside the earth. When the creatures fought, the surface of the earth trembled (6)." "In Greece, it was not an animal, but a titan named Atlas who was condemned to support the world upon his shoulders. Later, about the third century B.C., a Greek philosopher, Aristotle, had a more scientific explanation. He thought that earthquakes occurred only when hot air masses tried to escape from the center of the earth. Two centuries later, Lucretius, a Roman, wrote that underground landslides caused the earth's surface to move"(Poynter 7).2 Today, scientists have found a more logical reason to earthquakes. Scientists say almost 600 million years ago, all the continents were connected to form a huge super continent called Pangaea. At about 220 million years ago, Pangaea began to break up into sub-blocks. According to the book Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and the Formation of Continents, these sub-blocks were called "Gondwana (which corresponds approximately to the continents of the present southern hemisphere) and Laurasia (the northern hemisphere)" (Kohler 15). According to Pierre Kohler, "The earth's surface is divided into 13 plates: seven large ones (the largest corresponding to the Pa... ...te long-term predictions of where earthquakes will occur. They know, for example, that about 80 percent of the world's major earthquakes happen along a belt encircling the Pacific Ocean. This belt is sometimes called the Ring of Fire because it has many volcanoes, earthquakes, and other geologic activity" (Earthquakes; Karen C. McNally 38). WORKS CITED Aylesworth, Thomas G. Geological Disasters "Franklin Watts" 1979: 14-15. The New Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia "Grolier Electronic Publishing Inc." 1993: No Johnson, Thomas P. When Nature Runs Wild "Creative Education Press" 1986: 12-14. Kohler, Pierre Volcanoes Earthquakes and the Formation of Continents "Barron's Educational Series, Inc." 1987: 14-22. Marcus, Rebecca B. The First Book of Volcanoes & Earthquakes "Franklin Watts, Inc." 1972: 62-64. Poynter, Margaret Earthquakes "Enslow Publishers, Inc." 1990: 6-7. Putnam, William C. Geology "Oxford University Press" 1964: 439-450. Vogt, Gregory Predicting Earthquakes "Franklin Watts" 1989: 24-25. Walker, Bryce Earthquakes "Time Life Books" 1982: 94-100. Karen C. McNally Earthquakes World Book Encyclopedia "World Book Inc." 1994: 38-39.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Metternich System

â€Å"France made its revolutions and gave them their ideas, to the point where a tricolor of some kind became the emblem of virtually every emerging nation, and European (or indeed world) politics between 1789 and 1917 were largely the struggle for and against the principles of 1789, or the even more incendiary ones of 1793. † The principles of the French revolution lived on in every European continent; the French Revolution poured out its ideas and sent shock waves throughout Europe.Therefore this phenomenon together with the period of enlightenment, contributed to the rise of consciousness and of antagonism against the â€Å"Ancien Regime† (a general term for ‘The Old Order’ in Europe before the French Revolution of 1789, when most countries were ruled by absolute monarchs and the aristocracy were the dominant class). The Bourgeoisie class took full advantage of this period to bring across their needs and Ideologies but was rarely at the forefront of the revolution as the peasants were usually causing the riots. The Bourgeoisie played a more underlying role in this revolution.The people within the perimeters of the European wanted nationalism and liberalism. Napoleon Bonaparte also known as the â€Å"little corporal† came and restored stability and glory to France , â€Å"He was the man of the Revolution, and the man who brought stability. † Napoleon brought the French Revolution to its conclusion when he entered the French arena to restore peace by putting an end to the â€Å"Reign of Terror â€Å"and extinguishing the fire of the Bourgeoisie . His megalomaniac personality and ambitious thirst for battles made France a great power in Europe.This was illustrated in the series of battles he won, â€Å"Napoleon fought about sixty battles in his career and won all but a few of them, he rose to power because of his victories and fell because of his defeats. † Metternich’s influence came about before the en d of Napoleon’s regime. â€Å"Metternich was first appointed foreign minister in 1809 the Habsburg Empire was at its lowest point in its struggle against Napoleon. The French leader had forced the Empire out of its northern Italian territories, taken over the Austrian Netherlands and subsumed the Habsburg parts of Poland into the Duchy of Warsaw.Habsburg domination of Germany had also been smashed as a result of the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. This was a particularly powerful psychological blow to the dynasty’s sense of self worth: the Habsburgs had been Holy Roman Emperors for almost all of the previous 400 years and suddenly it no longer existed. To add insult to injury, this particular act of Napoleonic modernisation changed the title of the Habsburg Emperor from Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, to Francis I, Emperor of the remaining Habsburg dominions. One of the few times in history that a monarch has been devalued. Napoleon was defeated in 1815, after w hich the initiative was taken through the employment of the Vienna Congress of 1814-1815, to restore political stability to the fragile European which Napoleon had compromised. The Vienna Congress was chaired by Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, its objective was to address issues which arose out of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. This settlement lead to the redrawing of the continental map, in so doing establishing new boundaries of France, the Netherlands, Germany, Italian territories and Napoleon’s duchy of Warsaw.In 1815 when Napoleon failed to reassert his influence over Europe, the Congress of Vienna to all intensive purposes coped well with this problem. The Second Treaty of Paris further punished the French by reducing her borders to that of 1790, enforcing a large indemnity on her as well as forcing her to give back the stolen art pillaged from European Cities. This was a just punishment for France who had supported and welcomed Napoleon’s return. Additionally the Congress was against liberalism and nationalism which infiltrated into other European states from the French Revolution which they felt would disrupt their conservatism. First, it was necessary to build a security ring around the recent aggressor, France, and second, to provide the customary cartographical compensation for all the allied partners. † The Congress of Vienna also had to deal with the key matters of containing France, which was accomplished by strengthening those countries on the French border. The Austrian Netherlands was incorporated into Holland, and on France's southern borders, Piedmont, Nice and Savoy became one state.Of course these new single states, not one could contain France by physical presence alone and so the Quadruple Alliance was signed by the major powers for a further 20 years should France rise up again the Congress was very â€Å"lenient† towards France despite the fact that they had just been defeated. Their main purpo se was to restore the â€Å"status quo† and by doing this, they were able to ignore the demands for democracy and nationalism by the French people. Metternich made every effort to remove political or administrative power from local or subordinate levels and oncentrate it in a central authority was illustrated through his opposition of conservatism. He was of the opinion that that social mobility should be based on ascription not on achievement. Metternich was known for his advocation of strong, administratively efficient governmental organization which he felt was successfully portrayed by his ideal form of government the monarchs. This is captured when he said he opposed any other type of government and constitutional change which he felt would inevitably lead to chaos and revolutions.Metternich was aware that all of Europe was conscientious and was aroused easily by the ever present spirit of nationalism and liberalism inherited from the French Revolution. Consequently this is the sole reason for his objection of liberalism and nationalism becoming operational. â€Å"Metternich therefore set his face against any constitutional change. Comparing revolution in turn to a hydra ready to swallow everthing up, to a fire, to a flood, and later to the cholera, hostile to the sovereignty of the people and constitutional government. As such Metternich’s principles opposed the ideology of liberty, equality and fraternity. The spread of Metternich’s ideology throughout Europe he tried to ensure that this objective was not materialized. Another great political idea development by Metternich was the Holy Alliance in 1815; this alliance was created by Tsar Alexander I, members of this alliance included Russia, Austria, and Prussia. The Holy Alliance was implemented to maintain the status quo so that the bourgeoisie were hindered from infiltrating into the upper class.Additionally the Quadruple Alliance of April 22, 1834 formed between Spain, France, B ritian and Portugal, was aimed at ensuring the victory of liberalism, at accomplishing a collective security and protecting the existing peace and balance of power. Social factors is seem as a factor that resulted in the revolutions. The 1820’s revolution damages were widespread as the first bout of unrest was experienced. Revolutionary upheavals began in the Italian states of Naples,Piedmont and Sicily.These revolutions â€Å"occurred because the political systems reimposed on Europe were profoundly, and in a period of rapid social change increasinglyinadequate for the political conditions of the Continent, and because of economic and social discontents were acute as to †¦outbreaks virtually inevitable. † They felt that the Metternich system disregarded their desire for liberalism and nationalism. In 1818, the church was restored to supremacy, regaining its influencial power in Naples this angered the people and the resentment against the leadership grew.The libe rals were inciting members of society to stage revolutions in efforts to gain freedom and oppose the leadership of the Kings whose rulings reflected the ideologies of the Metternich system. A proletarian and socialist revolutionary movement â€Å"was chiefly visible in the countries of the dual revolutions, Britian and France. † The most notably results of 1830’s revolution was the â€Å"modifications of left-wing politics. They split moderates from radicals and they created a new international situation. In doing so they helped to split the movement not only into different social but into different national segments. The 1820’s and the 1830’s revolution both failed miserably because of little cooperation among the revolutionary movement and due to isolation of territories which preferred to stay alienated instead of forming union between the territories. The economic factors must now be considered, Metternich’s system amended the administration t hroughout Europe. As such the changes fostered by the Vienna Congress in particular was a major handicap for some countries. The Vienna Congress rulings were catastrophic to France who had to repatriate seven million francs and relinquish some colonies from the Italian providences to Austria.Primarily because of the personal interest Metternich had in Austria such drastic effects were taken, therefore it can be stated that the major powers of the Vienna Congress made decisions to their individual advantage. Germany was another state who suffered immense losses just as France in efforts to settle international disputes. The territories bought economic stability as it increased the size of their purses and their power on the international arena. The Metternich system assisted in the financial prosperity of some nations while it crippled the acquisition of economic stability of other imperial powers.Metternich fetish of restoring the monarchy of many countries was a financial burden on many countries whose desire was to be included in this grand change. The economic hardships were responsible for many of the revolutions in Europe both before and after the Metternich’s rule. The congress of Aix-La Chapelle in 1818 had a major concern about what should be done with France in terms of allowing them to attend future congress meetings and more importantly if they should relieve them of their military occupation.The congress came to a unanimous decision on both issues where they allowed France to return to future meetings and the military occupation would end. â€Å"Metternich also frustrated Russian hopes of facilitating a Franco-Russian alliance as a counter to the Austrian-British alignment. He achieved this by sowing the seeds of mistrust between the two powers. The Congress of Aix-La-Chapelle therefore coped well with the problem facing it in 1818. † There was another meeting in 1820 that took place in Troppau which was convened to discuss the matter s about the uprising In Spain and Naples.Each of the main powers at the congress had a different view about how the matter should be handled. Metternich made the decision to take action in Naples as it posed a great threat to Austrian influence in Italy. Alexander who represented Russia at the congress wanted to send troops into Spain to restore the monarchy (Ferdinand) while Casltereagh (Britain) thought that Naples and Spain were continental problems and as a result were not a concern of the British.The end result was the signing of the Troppau protocol which was a great success for Metternich as he gained the support of Russia and isolated France. As Metternich gained the support of Russia, he somewhat lost the support of the British. â€Å"However on the whole the congress system itself had failed to cope with the problems of Spain and Naples. The question of Spain would remain a problem even after the Congress of Verona in 1822, and the Troppau agreement had split the major po wers in two. The system could not cope without a general agreement by all the major powers.The main problem was, all the major powers had differing opinions and interests, which made certain a general agreement on a course of action was unlikely. Without such an agreement time would run out on the lifeline of the system. † The Congress met for the last time in Verona, 1822 to discuss the fact that Spain was still facing problems and there was a revolution that was taking place in Greece as well. â€Å"It might seem as though the Congress had coped well with the problems it faced but this is misleading.The Spanish problem, had been a problem since 1820 and was still not solved. Metternich who had pressed for the signing of the Troppau protocol would still not summon action to be taken. † The congress system finally met its end in 1822. Some historians have argued that the system itself was a failure, however in my opinion this was not the case. Metternich accomplished a lot during his time such as his defeat of Napoleon and the formation of the Vienna Congress. â€Å"The Congresses stretching from Vienna to Verona had to contend with a number of issues and t was not surprising given the nature of the system itself that certain problems would split the powers in attendance. After all the motivation behind the creation of the Congress Meeting was to deal with France, and not to deal with revolutionary uprisings. How could the Congress system deals with problems it was not designed to face. † There were multiple views on all of issues which arose after 1818 and up to 1822 could not be accommodated. At Vienna and Aix La Chappelle the powers in attendance came to a general agreement, but there would be a time when no such agreement would be possible.This can be seen with the Troppau protocol which split the powers in two. â€Å"After the congress of Troppau time was effectively running out on the life line of the congress system. Britain no long er wanted to be involved in continental affairs that did not concern her directly and the other European powers had a mutual suspicion of one another's ambitions and interests. Forces of political intrigue were working behind the scenes to isolate powers and force an agreement on a certain course of action. †

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

“Othello” By William Shakespeare Essay

William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello† I feel is one of the most interesting plays Shakespeare wrote. It’s hard to put down a play because you don’t know what happens next. What I think made this play great was that it has a villain behind the motive, which makes the play more interesting for me. â€Å"Othello† takes you on an adventure that makes you aware of whom you can and cannot trust; and who are your true friends. You can’t always believe what you hear. In the beginning of act one Roderigo (a wealthy Venetian gentleman) and Iago (Villain, Othello’s ancient) tells Brabantio who is Desdemona’s father that his daughter eloped and she’s having sex and she will have the devils children. Othello was accused of tricking Desdemona into marrying him because they sneaked away and eloped. Since Othello is black they assume that Desdemona was tricked since no one at this time would marry a black man. Brabantio takes Othello to the duke to settle the matter. Othello says to the Duke and to the others to send for Desdemona and she herself will tell that she married Othello willingly and by her own choice. When Desdemona arrives she tells all that she loves Othello. Desdemona was attracted to his war stories and his adventures of his world travel. The love that Desdemona feels for Othello is on the inside not the outside. In return Othello loves Desdemona because she is young and beautiful and he respects her. Now Iago is jealous that Othello chose Cassio (Othello’s Lieutenant and is part of the framework on Desdemona and does not know it and he is the foil of Othello) as his Lieutenant. Iago is also jealous over Othello because he wants his life. He hates Othello but has no reason to so he makes up these problems and manipulates. Roderigo is in love with Desdemona and Iago tells him that he could have her if he sells his land and gives Iago the money and he will buy all these jewels and he will give them to Desmonda. Iago is a manipulator. In Act two Iago in his crazy mind pretends to believe that Cassio is in love with Desdemona. Iago acts on this and starts manipulating others more. Iago  tells Othello that Cassio and Desdemona are in love with each other. Iago wants to turn Othello against Cassio and fire him from his Lieutenant position. This was the night that Othello and Desdemona were celebrating their wedding. When they leave Iago gets Cassio drunk because Iago knows Cassio can’t handle alcohol and will not be aware of his behavior. Then Iago tells Montano (Othello’s predecessor in the government of cypress) Cassio is drunk and tells Roderigo to fight Cassio. During the fight Cassio hurts Roderigo and Montano because Montano was breaking the fight up. Othello finds out about Cassio’s behavior and takes his Lieutenant’s position away. Cassio is hurt by Othello’s decision, so Iago tell Cassio to talk to Desdemona and she will help get his job back. Iago also tells Roderigo that Cassio was fired. Roderigo now has hope that he will be with Desdemona. Iago tells Emelia (his wife) to make sure Cassio talks to Desdemona. The only reason he wants this is so Othello will see them and he will think Desdemona is unfaithful. In Act three Cassio is talking with Iago and tells him he made plans to meet with Desdemona. Iago tell him he will help him. Cassio finally meets with Desdemona and she tells him that Othello still loves him very much and she will do all she can to help him get his job back; she will put in a good word for him. From a far Iago is with Othello; he planned it that way so Othello would see Desdemona and Cassio together. Iago begins to brain wash Othello into believing Desdemona is unfaithful to him. Othello is vulnerable to Iago’s insinuation because he doesn’t believe Iago would lie to him. Othello considers Iago to be a true friend because they had fought in wars together. Another reason Othello questions Desdemona’s loyalty was because she was able to deceive her father who she loved very much so she could easily deceive him. When Othello sees Desdemona after this he is still in shock and tells her that he has a headache and needs to lay down. Desdemona while talking to Othello drops her handkerchief (her first gift from Othello; it was his mothers). Emilia finds the handkerchief and gives it to Iago. Iago in his sneaky way knows he can use this to manipulate the situation. Iago plants it in Cassio’s home so Cassio will find it (he does not know it’s Desdemona’s). Othello does not yet believe that Desdemona is unfaithful and Othello wants proof from Iago. Iago tells Othello that he saw  Cassio with Desdemona’s handkerchief Othello then makes Iago his Lieutenant and wants Cassio killed which is Iago’s responsibility and Othello would take care of Desdemona. Desdemona now is looking for her handkerchief and mentions it to Emilia; Emilia denies ever seeing it. Othello asks Desdemona for the handkerchief and she tells him it is not lost; she has just misplaced it. Desdemona begins to ask Othello about Cassio and he yells at her and sends her away. Desdemona runs into Cassio and explains to him that her helping him get his job back isn’t going well. Also Cassio found the handkerchief in his house and gives it to his mistress Bianca. In Act four Iago is still his usual manipulating self. He is still manipulating Othello by telling him Desdemona is unfaithful to him and fooling around with Cassio. What hurts Othello most is that the handkerchief is missing and Iago tells him she gave it to Cassio. Iago starts talking to Cassio and asking him things about his mistress. Now from the other side Othello is watching and he thinks that Cassio is telling Iago about him and Desdemona; then Cassio’s mistress shows up and throws the handkerchief at Cassio and fights with him. Iago then makes Othello believe that he must kill Desdemona because what she has done and he will kill Cassio. Othello meets with Emilia and asks her if Desdemona is unfaithful to him by fooling around with Cassio. Emilia explains that nothing is happening between them and their relationship is strictly platonic. Othello finally confronts Desdemona in the bedroom with Emilia by her side helping her get ready for bed as they talk about the situat ion. At this point Desdemona’s depressed. Act five starts out on the street with Iago and Roderigo. Iago is telling Roderigo how to kill Cassio. Iago at this point is nervous because Roderigo keeps asking about the money he gave Iago that he was supposed to give to Desdemona. Cassio comes by and Roderigo starts to attack Cassio but Cassio stabs him first, then Iago stabs Cassio from behind. Iago then stabs Roderigo one more time and kills him to make it seem as if he was protecting Cassio. Bianca comes to attend Cassio and Iago point’s fingers at her trying to make it seem she is guilty so no one is suspicious of him. The next scene takes place in Othello and Desdemona’s room. Desdemona is still asleep and Othello kisses her. She awakes and Othello asks her if she has prayed, so  when she dies her soul will go to heaven. Desdemona is still confused on what wrong she has done. Othello confesses that he knows she gave Cassio her handkerchief, which means she has been sleeping with him. Desdemona tells Othello she is innocent and to call for Cassio and he will tell the truth, that nothing happened between them. Othello tells her Cassio is dead and he confessed as he died. Othello and Desdemona go on arguing and Desdemona tries to make Othello believe that she has always loved him and been faithful to him. Othello looks at her and then kills her. Emilia comes in and Othello tells her he has killed Desdemona and in Desdemona’s last breath she says she did it to herself making Othello look innocent. Emilia tells Othello that she found the handkerchief and gave it to Iago. Iago is now seen as guilty and kills his wife by stabbing her. Iago leaves and runs but is captured and comes back with Cassio and Lodovico. Othello then stabs Iago. Lodovico now finds out that Iago and Othello tried to have Cassio killed and were behind it. Cassio explains he found the handkerchief; Iago confesses that he planted it in his room. Othello ultimately kills himself over the grief he feels. The true identity of who your friends are may surprise you. â€Å"Othello† is proof that greed and true bitterness can cause more damage then originally intended. Othello is a weak character that is easily convinced of wrong doings that never happened. His mind set on believing his friend over his wife is his ultimate downfall. The human mind is fickle and Shakespeare makes this the common theme throughout the play.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Amenhotep III essays

Amenhotep III essays Amenhotep IV ascended the throne of Egypt following the death of his father, Amenhotep III. This new ruler proved to be different in almost every way from both his predecessors and the pharaohs who ruled after him. The purpose of this essay is to present the issues of religion, art, architecture, literature and foreign policy in relation to the rule of this unique pharaoh. Newby (1980) states that the most noticeable difference rested in the religious beliefs of Amenhotep IV. In the past, Egypt had worshipped many gods, but under this new pharaohs rule, polytheism would be replaced by a religion that believed in a single god. In one of his first decisions as pharaoh, Amenhotep IV proclaimed Aten to be the only true god, and named himself high priest of the deity (Weigall, 1923). The symbol of this new god featured rays drawn from a solar disk with each ending in a tiny hand stretched out as if in benediction over all lands (Mayer s rays and gave all things life. His encouraged his followers to worship in truth, simply and without lavish ceremony. Weigall (1923) states that is without doubt the most enlightened religion the world had ever known. In the sixth year of his reign, to further signify his repudiation of Aten and demonstrate his devotion to his god, he changed his name to Akhenaten, which means Glory of Aten. Because of growing opposition by the high priest of Thebes, Akhenaten decided to leave the City of Amen and make a new beginning in a capital where Amen and his priests would have no power (Sheppard, 1960). This new capital was named Akhetaten, was to be dedicated to the glory of Aten. Weigall (1923) writes that there, like the Pope in the Vatican, Akhenaten would remain within the city a...

Monday, October 21, 2019

Description of Telescopes essays

Description of Telescopes essays Telescopes are one of the main ways that astronomers explore the universe. They come in all shapes and sizes depending on their function. Generally, bigger telescopes are better if you want to see faint, far-away things, because they can gather more light and have better resolution. Resolution is the ability of a telescope to discern objects close together; for example, the ability to clearly separate two stars that are very close together or the ability to see smaller craters on the Moon. The gamma rays are the most powerful type of radiation, discovered at the beginning of the century as radioactive substance emissions. Like the light, the gamma rays are constituted by photons, particles of light, with the difference that a gamma photon has more than a million, even thousands of million of times more energy that a photon of visible light. By their high energy these photons penetrate lead plates, and to generate them in the Earth we required subatomic particle accelerators: once accelerated, these particles can produce gamma rays when hitting other particles that serve as target. In analogous form, the celestial gamma ray sources must accelerate subatomic particles and make them affect a target. An alternative is that the accelerated particles emit gamma rays in the presence of an electromagnetic field. In any case, the gamma radiation emission obeys to different processes that are require to emit visible light. Studies of astronomical objects in high energy X-rays and gamma rays began in the early 1960s. Although high altitude balloons and rockets can provide X-ray and gamma ray data, the best results come from satellites orbiting completely outside the Earths atmosphere. X-ray telescope mirrors are coated with gold or other metals. The mirrors have shallow angles of reflection because X-rays are so short they only reflect at angles almost parallel to the rays themselves. At steeper mirror angles the rays won&ap...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Hex Words

Hex Words Hex Words Hex Words By Maeve Maddox Most of the English words that begin with hex are scientific terms used by mathematicians, chemists, and medical practitioners. A few, however, are encountered in general use. As a combining form in English, hex- means six. hexagon In geometry, a hexagon is a plane figure having six sides and six angles. The adjective is hexagonal. The adverb is hexagonally. hexahedron In geometry, a hexahedron is a solid figure having six faces, especially the â€Å"regular hexahedron† or cube. You will encounter the word if you do origami. hexapod The element pod means foot. A hexapod is an animal that has six feet. Insectswhich have three pairs of legsare classed in the subphylum Hexapoda. hexagram In geometry, a hexagram is a figure of six lines. The figure can take more than one form, but the most familiar is that of two intersecting equilateral triangles as seen in the Star of David. Its use as an identifying symbol of Judaism began in the Middle Ages, but its religious usage began much earlier. The symbol, under various names, appears in the imagery of Hinduism, Judaism, Islam, Mormonism, Rastafarianism, Theosophy, and Freemasonry. Known as â€Å"Solomon’s Seal,† the symbol is used in magic and witchcraft. In the symbolism of heraldry, the hexagram is called â€Å"a mullet of six points.† The Chinese â€Å"Book of Changes† (I-Ching) is based on 64 hexagrams that are not interlocked triangles. They are figures of six parallel (whole or divided) lines. hexadecimal In computing and mathematics, a system of numerical notation that employs 16 rather than 10 as the base is called hexadecimal. Two hex words outside the mathematical realm are: hexarchy A hexarchy is a loose confederation of six states or kingdoms, each governed by its own ruler. hexameter A line of verse made up of six metrical feet is called a hexameter. The hexameter was the standard epic meter in classical Greek and Latin literature. Finally, there’s the witching word hex, which has nothing to do with six. The verb hex, â€Å"to practice witchcraft,† came into American English from Pennsylvania German settlers. German hexen, â€Å"to hex,† is related to the German word Hexe, â€Å"witch.† The English word hag derives from the same source. The earliest English form, haegtesse, was the equivalent of â€Å"woman of prophetic and oracular powers.† Does it surprise anyone that the word eventually dwindled into â€Å"ugly, bad-tempered, malicious old woman†? As a noun, a hex is a magical spell or curse. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives 50 Idioms About Roads and PathsApostrophe with Plural Possessive Nouns

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Freytag pyramid used in A Farewell to Arms Essay

Freytag pyramid used in A Farewell to Arms - Essay Example In a work, â€Å"Freytag’s pyramid demonstrates how rising action, conflict, and resolution follow one another to create a narrative or drama† (Thursby 24). The novel, Farewell to Arms (1929) by the famous American writer, Earnest Hemingway takes the themes; war and love. The book has been noted for its resemblance with the life of the author himself. The novel is set on the Italian battlefield in Gorizia, Italy. It portrays a deep passion of love between Frederick Henry and Catherine Barkley. It is praised for its resemblance with many of the Shakespearean Plays. The author Earnest Hemingway had compared the novel with Romeo and Juliet of Shakespeare. Just like a renaissance play it has five books in it and each book stands for each element of the Freytag’s pyramid. To begin with, the first aspect of Freytag’s pyramid is exposition. According to it a play must introduce the characters, settings and should constitute a moving incident. The novel, if analys ed in this background, gives the setting as the warfare of Italian army during the First World War, and introduces Frederick Henry, the hero of the novel, as the ambulance driver in the Italian front. Even from the very beginning some speciality in Henry is noted as he was the only soldier who has not ridiculed the priest. The relationship with Rinaldi makes Henry introduced to the heroine of the novel, Catherine Barkley, the English nurse at the military hospital in Milan. The shell attack and Henry’s knee wounds happen to be the move of the exposition in the novel. This makes the heroine attached towards Henry. Both the warfront setting and the introduction of the theme love affirm the accomplishment of the first element of the pyramid, exposition in the novel. The second book of the novel shows the development of love between Henry and Catherine. Even though there are conflicts in their characters, the aspect of love takes root in their hearts deep. The thoughts of Henry a s a lover and as a soldier show the conflict in the character and so Catherine too develop such a conflict in her mind. The pregnancy of Catherine shows the ‘rising action’ of the book second. Here the readers can find out overwhelming conflicts in his minds regarding his duty as a soldier in the Italian front. Climax of Freytag’s pyramid has been defined as, â€Å"the turning point in the action, the crisis at which the rising action turns and becomes the falling action. In a five act tragedy, this usually occurs at the end of the third act† (Lenhart, & Edgar 211). The novel witnesses the going back of Henry to service, still bewildered, whether to adopt love or war. The retreat of the Italian army at Caporetto shows Henry’s hatred towards war and its destructions. The killing of sergeant by Henry and battle police’s arrest and the final jumping into the flooded river constitute the climax of the novel. The falling action of the novel starts with the incidents that happened after the climax. Henry’s search for Catherine first at Milan then at Stressa shows his desire to denounce war completely from their life. The life at Stressa with Catherine was peaceful in the beginning but the probability of arrest by the Italian army compelled Henry move to Switzerland. The sudden escape of Henry and Catherine in a row boat and the struggle of rowing to Switzerland in a very opposing climate

Friday, October 18, 2019

Strategic Leadership and Entrepreneurship for Dr. McDougalls Right Essay

Strategic Leadership and Entrepreneurship for Dr. McDougalls Right Food Asian Entres - Essay Example The founder and owner of Dr. McDougall’s Right Foods, Dr. John McDougall, as the chairman of the board of directors, continues to extend the most crucial influence to the thrusts and goals of the organization. As part of the management team, one’s sphere of influence encompasses â€Å"responsibility for corporate governance, corporate strategy, and the interests of all the organizations stakeholders† (Q Finance, 2009, par. 1). Through the coordination and participation of other management team members, one has relevant impact in suggesting recommendations towards the implementation of the business plan. The success of the management team is sourced from equal, fair and just collaboration and participation of all members, regardless of the diversity in responsibilities. In this regard, there is no eminent bias within the organization. With regards to anticipating hurdles, as normal as any organization operates, hurdles come in terms of external factors that are unseen, yet could influence the firms’ operations. These hurdles are increases in prices of raw materials or minimum wages for employees; imposition of additional value added taxes; or stiffer competitors, An effective leadership style is that which conforms, adjusts and adapts to the demands of the situation. One would demonstrate a situational leadership style that focuses on the capabilities and resources of the organization, in conjunction with the defined goals. Any strategy that needs to be designed must focus on the achievement objectives at the most efficient and effective manner. Any potential shortcoming is perceived in terms of responding appropriately to unanticipated changes in both the internal and external environment. One’s competencies and qualifications are the strengths that would assist in designing strategies towards the accomplishment of organizational goals. Weaknesses could come in terms of responding effectively to

Regulatory, Legal, Ethical, and Accreditation Issues in Research Assignment

Regulatory, Legal, Ethical, and Accreditation Issues in Research - Assignment Example not tell what/when/why and how the situation been study came about .It is mainly used in calculating frequencies, mean and other statistical derivations. For the case of homeless people, the point-in-time count falls under this research method, as it will only give the number of homeless people in the streets and not how or why they are there. Analytical statistics on the other hand answers the questions why/how/when a characteristic happened. It shows co-relation between two events whose occurrence affects the other. It entails taking calculated action on the agent affecting the subject been studied. It focuses on coming up with ways to improve the future state of the subject matter (Clark, 2007). For instance in the case of the homeless, analytical research will come how they end up in the streets in the first place. It will also bring about an inter-relationship for instance why some people from certain background are more likely to end in the streets than the rest. Evaluative research on the other hand seeks to study whether measures or programs put in place are efficient in curbing the agent affecting the subject matter. It uncovers the effects of a process or agent on a population. Concerning the homeless, this research method will cover on the necessary programs put in place to ensure the homeless either are completely off the streets or are able to receive necessary

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Justice - Essay Example The paper also focuses on a very sensitive issue of capital punishment rendered by the courts of law depending on the intensity of the criminal acts. This act of the court is largely contested based on the Christian views where rendering of Capital Punishment is straightly not allowed (Ness, 1994, p.3). The legal system and the rendering of justice is dealt along the study and analysis of three articles in the light of the views imposed by Christianity. Reforming Prisoners through Religion The aspect of reforming prisoners through the approach of religious institutions and not through putting them in prison houses is analysed based on Omar M. McRoberts article â€Å"Religion, Reform, Community: Examining the Idea of Church-based Prisoner Reentry†. This article came out during March 2002, as a Working Discussion Paper for the Urban Institute’s Reentry Roundtable (McRoberts, 2002,p.1). The religious touch rendered to the convicts helps them to bear the atrocities of the p rison climates and a life isolated from their closed ones. However, the main problem in discussion is not of the prison days but rather of the future periods when the convict is made free. Here the person being freed from the prison earns a further challenge in search for a livelihood. These people in the large society feel somewhat insecured and loiter in search for both physical and mental sustenance to help them dwell in the external world. To help find a solution to the aforesaid problem the courts of the land along with religious institutions are increasingly working on the program on Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency (CSOSA) to help the freed prisoners reenter their social and community lifestyles. This program largely focuses to help the freed prisoners gain a better occupational and domestic environment along with rendering mental support so that they do not take to drugs or get emotionally turbulent. The success of the program greatly depends on the activity of religious bodies like Churches, which are not only trying to help the prisoners sustain a healthy mental and physical life inside the condemnation walls but also working outside to help them reenter the social sphere. Churches with their alchemic touch are considered the main instruments that would help these individuals reenter the community circles, which fall under the governance of these religious bodies. Further, the Churches being religious bodies with an open outlook where they do not make any distinction between members and non-members are observed to be the spear headers of the community movement. The main focus of these programs with extensive religious collaboration is to totally change and transform the criminal psyche of the prison inmates into proper civilized mindsets. However, the present urban lifestyles are a bend of continuous physical and mental tensions often amounting to violent and turbulent activities. Thus, it is held that the Christian missionaries must ai m at driving these people to cool pastoral countryside where they can leave a peaceful life and are freed from mental tensions. The freed prisoners settled along free quarters are widely encouraged to participate in the Sunday masses and are regularly associated with the Bible. These activities help cast a strong religious ferment in such people who gradually develop a civilized lifestyle to

Sula Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sula - Essay Example It begins in the year 1919 and proceeds with chapters titled 1920, 1922.1927,1937 and so on to the year 1965. Each chapter represents a particular event around which resolves the past ,present and future significance. The narrative unfolds like a firmly interwoven oral folktale. In this novel the past present and future collapse into a kind of synchronic action. The setting in Sula is an isolated neighborhood called â€Å"The Bottom†, but it is a neighborhood of recent historical past and therefore â€Å"The Bottom and its inhabitants assume, like a narrative itself, a mythological quality. They and their environment are drawn from the rich tradition of black folktale and legend. However the inhabitants of â€Å"the Bottom are not often prey to the extreme seduction of dominant culture. Patrick Bryce Bjorn in the â€Å" The Novels of Tonni Morrison: The search for self and Place within the community says that , instead they are presented as having a world of their own , and thus the delimiting of an external gaze and the valorization of black values and traditions further emphasize Morrison’s singular concern for black life†. Morrison. in all her novels likes to examine the community and its characters. It has become a familiar motif in all her novels. In Sula this motif is played conspicuously in the dialectal tension between communities as monolithic status. The novel has the family of self sustaining black female characters Matriarch, Eva Peace , her daughter Hanna and her granddaughter ,the protagonist of the novel Sula Peace, who combine to provide the oppositional energy to redefine both selfhood and black womanhood. The novel begins with the end to â€Å"The Bottom â€Å"a neighborhood once isolated from and eventually destroyed by white progress in Medallion City, Ohio . A master gave this â€Å"the Bottom to slave and it was considered as a gift given to his master to his former slave. He made them believe that the land is wor thwhile because it is closer to heaven .thus there grows a particular community. But there is a threat from the white that they decided t builds golf course there. The first living being introduced to the reader is Shadreack who returns to the Bottom. He in order to overcome fears of death invents National Suicide Day. He is a representative of who dislike war. Sula the protagonist is friendly with Nel. They are from different family set ups. Nel is from a conventional family. The theme of friendship is treated effectively in this novel. The converging point in the novel is the death of a boy Chicken Little while playing with Sula and Nel. They hide this fact. But guilt conscious arise in the mind is Sula. She considers herself as responsible for the death of the boy, She is suffering from acute feeling that she is an evil character. At the sane time Nel develops a positive attitude to life and she slowly began to move away from Sula. Soon we find that Sula’s mother dies of b urning. When Sula takes a different path of fierce independence and total disregard for social conventions Nel takes the path of a peaceful married life. Sula leaves the bottom for ten more years. During that time she makes affairs with especially white man. When she returns to â€Å"The Bottom† the people considers her as a figure of evil, particularly because of her interracial relations. She even develops relation with Nel’s husband Jude. Jude abandons Nel for that. Later when Sula dies Nel herself blames herself admits her

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Justice - Essay Example The paper also focuses on a very sensitive issue of capital punishment rendered by the courts of law depending on the intensity of the criminal acts. This act of the court is largely contested based on the Christian views where rendering of Capital Punishment is straightly not allowed (Ness, 1994, p.3). The legal system and the rendering of justice is dealt along the study and analysis of three articles in the light of the views imposed by Christianity. Reforming Prisoners through Religion The aspect of reforming prisoners through the approach of religious institutions and not through putting them in prison houses is analysed based on Omar M. McRoberts article â€Å"Religion, Reform, Community: Examining the Idea of Church-based Prisoner Reentry†. This article came out during March 2002, as a Working Discussion Paper for the Urban Institute’s Reentry Roundtable (McRoberts, 2002,p.1). The religious touch rendered to the convicts helps them to bear the atrocities of the p rison climates and a life isolated from their closed ones. However, the main problem in discussion is not of the prison days but rather of the future periods when the convict is made free. Here the person being freed from the prison earns a further challenge in search for a livelihood. These people in the large society feel somewhat insecured and loiter in search for both physical and mental sustenance to help them dwell in the external world. To help find a solution to the aforesaid problem the courts of the land along with religious institutions are increasingly working on the program on Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency (CSOSA) to help the freed prisoners reenter their social and community lifestyles. This program largely focuses to help the freed prisoners gain a better occupational and domestic environment along with rendering mental support so that they do not take to drugs or get emotionally turbulent. The success of the program greatly depends on the activity of religious bodies like Churches, which are not only trying to help the prisoners sustain a healthy mental and physical life inside the condemnation walls but also working outside to help them reenter the social sphere. Churches with their alchemic touch are considered the main instruments that would help these individuals reenter the community circles, which fall under the governance of these religious bodies. Further, the Churches being religious bodies with an open outlook where they do not make any distinction between members and non-members are observed to be the spear headers of the community movement. The main focus of these programs with extensive religious collaboration is to totally change and transform the criminal psyche of the prison inmates into proper civilized mindsets. However, the present urban lifestyles are a bend of continuous physical and mental tensions often amounting to violent and turbulent activities. Thus, it is held that the Christian missionaries must ai m at driving these people to cool pastoral countryside where they can leave a peaceful life and are freed from mental tensions. The freed prisoners settled along free quarters are widely encouraged to participate in the Sunday masses and are regularly associated with the Bible. These activities help cast a strong religious ferment in such people who gradually develop a civilized lifestyle to

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Westmount Retirement Residence Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Westmount Retirement Residence Case - Essay Example The new costing system is based on the three suite options and on the three levels of medical needs of the residents. The costs of supportive services have been allocated based on the level of medical needs of the residents. Half the costs of facilities have been allocated based on square feet area of the three different suite options. The pricing recommendations, based on the new costing system have been made to Helen Rosewell in the final section of the main report. The recommended pricing is based on the new costing system. It is also recommended that spouses living in one bedroom should be charged twice the monthly rates. The biggest limitation of the current costing model at Westmount is that it does not give a clear picture of how much each of the services that are being offered at Westmount cost. The pricing system charges the same price per month from the residents irrespective of the services used by them. This pricing is only based on the type of residence being used by the residents. The costing model does not reflect the level of medical care and service required by the individual clients. The price differentiation is based solely on the size of the accommodations. The model is also is based on the implicit assumption that a resident having a 25% larger accommodation is also using 25% more services of Westmount. The costing system does not show any difference between patients requiring different levels of medical needs. There are usually three categories of residents at Westmount: those requiring no medical need, those requiring medium medical need and those requiring high medical needs. The biggest drawback of this costing system is that it is treating all the costs as fixed or period costs. The costing system is unable to differentiate between fixed costs and variable costs. All the costs are treated as periodic costs and they are charged to the expected number of residents.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Evaluation of Some Energy Drinks Essay Example for Free

Evaluation of Some Energy Drinks Essay Abstract Energy drinks are beverages which contain chemical constituents that are said to improve physical and mental performance. Most of them primarily contain varying amounts of caffeine, guarana, ginseng and taurine. This study aims to provide a critical review regarding the adverse effects of excessive daily intake of energy drinks. Five commercially available energy drinks were used as the subject of the study. The average consumption of a certain component was compared to the serving size included in each product. It was found out that the consumption of the ingredients more than the recommended amounts per day may cause physiological side effects. There is no medical use for energy drinks, however several ingredients in some of these drinks have been found to be helpful in the medical perspective. Keyword(s): energy drinks 1. Introduction In the past decades, the beverage industry paved the way to the rise of caffeinated energy drinks in the market. Back in early 1960s, it first appeared in Europe and Asia in response to the consumers’ demand for a dietary supplement that would result in increased energy (Reissig et al., 2009). Basically, energy drinks refer to beverages that contain mainly caffeine, alongside other active constituents which includes varying amounts of guarana extract, taurine, vitamins, amino acids and herbal extracts. These purportedly provide benefits such as increased mental alertness, physical endurance, performance and stamina (Simon and Mosher, 2007; Babu et al. , 2008). Conversely, there is inadequate evidence that consumption of energy drinks can significantly improve both physical and mental performance (Scholey and Kennedy, 2004). The wide availability and distribution of energy drinks makes them readily accessible for purchase by adolescents. Market surveys indicate that 31% of those aged 12 to 17 are regular consumers of energy drinks, as are 34% of aged 18 to 24 (Simon and Mosher, 2007). Concerns have been raised regarding the effects of the ingredients present in energy drinks on children and adolescents. This study was conducted due to the core objective of making the public aware of the adverse effects of energy drinks, especially to children. Adverse reactions and toxicity from high-energy drinks mainly root from their caffeine content (Reissig et al. , 2009). The fatal dose of pure caffeine in adults is 5 to 10 grams when taken orally and 3. 5 grams by injection. In children, the fatal dose is much lower (Health Canada, 2000). Children who consume too much caffeine are at higher risk for behavioral effects, such as anxiety, mood changes and loss of attentiveness. A daily intake of less than 45 to 85 mg is recommended, depending on the child’s health condition (Health Canada, 2003). Based on a survey, it was found out that 42. 3% of the youth (ages 11 to 18) consumes energy drinks (O’Dea, 2003). At risk children having excessive daily intake of caffeine should be limited to no more than 2. 5 mg caffeine/kg body weight, and may need to avoid consuming energy beverages with higher caffeine content. Adolescents should limit caffeine consumption as well as intakes greater than 100 mg/day for reports says that it has been directly correlated with an increase in blood pressure (Savoca et al. , 2004). 2. Materials and Methods 2. 1 Research Design The research is focused on the components of energy drinks where five products were sampled namely Product A, B, C, D, and E. The researchers acquired a sample of each product. 2. 2 Sampling and Acquisition of Samples Products A, B, C, D, and E were randomly sampled. Fish bowl sampling was used where the names of these products were written on a piece of paper. Out of 7, 5 products of energy drink were picked from a bowl. Slovin’s formula was used and the margin of error was set to 20%. One out of seven is the probability of each to be chosen. The 5 energy drink products were acquired through purchase. 2. 3 Gathering of Information Each of the products underwent examining of the researchers. The composition information has been referred to for the determination of ingredients of each product. The data was listed and tabulated (Refer to Table 3. 1). This was done to compare their components and to determine which products share the same components. Nutrition information was also included. 2. 4Analysis of the Components The ingredients of products were analyzed through research. The researchers studied the primary and side effects of some of the ingredients. The average consumption of an average human of a certain component was compared to the serving size included in each product. 3. Results and Discussion PRODUCT A NUTRITION INFORMATION| SERVINGS PER PACK: 1 SERVING SIZE: 250mL| QUANTITY:| PER SERVING| PER 100mL| Energy| 140 cal| 14cal| Carbohydrates, Total| 34g| 14g|. Sugar| 33g| 13g| Sodium | 60mg| 24mg| Taurine| 1000mg| 400mg| Caffeine| 80mg| 32mg| Inositol| 25mg| 10mg| Ginseng Root Extract| 25mg| 10mg| Guarana Seed Extract| 25mg| 10mg| Niacin| 9mg| 3. 6mg| Pantothenic Acid| 3mg| 1. 2mg| Vitamin B6| 1mg| 0. 4mg| Vitamin B12| 2mcg| 0. 8mcg| Ingredients: Carbonated Water, Sucrose, Glucose, Citric Acid, Glucuronolactone, Taurine, Sodium Citrate, Sodium Chloride, Natural Artificial Flavors, Caffeine, Caramel Color, Inositol, Guarana Seed Extract, Panax Ginseng (Root Extract), Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Riboflavin, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Cyanocobalamin, Eu Energy Blend. Figure 1. Nutrition Information and Ingredients of Product A. PRODUCT B NUTRITION INFORMATION| SERVINGS PER PACK: 1 SERVING SIZE: 180mL| | PER 180mL (1 serving)| %RENI* or %U. S. -DRI**| Calories| 50Kcal| 2%| Total Fat| 0g| -| Sodium| 0g| -| Total Carbohydrate| 12. 5g| 10%*| Sugar| 12. 5g| -| Vitamin B1| 1. 2mg| 100%| Vitamin B2| 1. 7mg| 131%| Niacinamide| 20mg| 125%| Vitamin B6| 1. 9mg| 146%| Inositol| 50mg| -| Ginseng| 25mg| -| Royal Jelly| 100mg| -| Iron| 5mg| 42%| Taurine| 1000mg| -| Caffeine (anhydrous)| 50mg| -| *Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes fro Filipinos **U. S. – Dietary Reference Intake (used if no RENI). Ingredients: Sucrose, Taurine, Citric Acid, Nature-identical Flavors, Royal Jelly, Sodium Benzoate, Inositol, Caffeine, Ferric Pyrophosphate, Sucralose, Ginseng Extract (Panax), Mulitivitamins, Pure Water Figure 2. Nutrition Information and Ingredients of Product B. PRODUCT C NUTRITION INFORMATION| SERVINGS PER PACK: 1 SERVING SIZE: 330mL| | PER SERVING| %RENI*| Energy| 211Kcal| -| Carbohydrate| 54g| -| Vitamin B3| 10mg| 62%| Vitamin B6| 1. 3mg| 102%| VitaminB12| 1. 3mcg| 55%| Ginseng Extract| 9. 9mg| -| Inositol| 23mg| -| Taurine| 145mg| -| *%RENI are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Ingredients: Carbonated Water, Sugar, Citric Acid, Artificial Flavor, Maltodextrin, Sodium Citrate, Sodium Hexametaphosphate, Taurine, Potassium Sorbate, Caffeine, Sodium Benzoate, Allura Red(Colorant), Inositol, Calcium Disodium EDTA, Modified Food Starch, Panax Ginseng Extract, Niacinamide, Ascorbic Acid, Cyanocobalamin, (0. 1%) Pyridoxine Hydrochloride. Figure 3. Nutrition Information and Ingredients of Product C. PRODUCT D NUTRITION INFORMATION| SERVING SIZE: 1 SERVING SIZE: 150mL| | PER SERVING| %Daily Values*| Calories| 110| -| Total Fat| 0g| 0%| Sodium| 240mg| 10%| Total Carbohydrate| 26g| 9%| Sugars| 26g| -|. Protein| less than 1g| -| *Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Ingredients: Taurine – 1,000 mg, Caffeine – 75 mg, Inositol – 50 mg, Lysine – 50 mg, Choline Bitartrate – 50 mg, Nicotinamide – 20 mg, Pyridoxine HCl (Vitamin B6) – 1. 3 mg, Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) – 2. 4 mcg, Tartrazine C. I. 19140 (Yellow 5), Citric Acid, Sodium Benzoate, Sugar and Artificially Flavoured. Figure 4. Nutrition Information and Ingredients of Product D. PRODUCT E NUTRITION INFORMATION| SERVING SIZE: ? 1. 5 SERVING SIZE: 8 fl. oz. (240mL)| | PER SERVING| %Daily Values*| Calories| 195| -| Total Fat| 3g| 1. 2%| Sodium| 49mg| 2%| Total Carbohydrates| 39g| 15%| Protein| 3g| 1. 2%| Thiamine Hydrochloride (Vit. B1)| 1. 35mg| 90%| Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vit. B6)| 1. 35mg| 68%| Niacinamide| 7mg| 37%| Vitamin B12| 0. 70mcg| 12%| Taurine| 105mg| -| Inositol| 16mg| -| *%Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Ingredients: Water, Sugar, Citric Acid, Flavoring, Sodium Citrate, Taurine, Caffeine, Sodium Benzoate, Tartrazine, Inositol, Ginseng Powder, Niacinamide (Vit. B3), Sunset Yellow, Thiamine HCl (Vit. B1), Pyridoxine HCl (Vit. B6), Cyanocobalamin (Vit. B12). Figure 5. Nutrition Information and Ingredients of Product E. | PRODUCT| INGREDIENTS| A| B| C| D| E| Water/Carbonated Water| +| +| +| | +| Sucrose| +| +| +| +| +| Glucose| +| | | | | Citric Acid| +| +| +| +| +| Glucuronolactone| +| | | | | Taurine| +| +| +| +| +| Sodium Citrate| +| | +| | +| Sodium Chloride| +| | | | | Natural Flavors| +| +| | | | Artificial Flavors| +| | +| +| | Caffeine| +| +| +| +| +| Inositol| +| +| +| +| +| Guarana Seed Extract| +| | | | | Panax Ginseng| +| +| +| | +| Niacin (Vit. B3)| +| | +| +| +| Panthotenic Acid (Vit. B5)| +| | | | | Riboflavin (Vit. B2)| +| | | | | Pyroxidine HCL (Vit. B6)| +| | +| +| +| Cynocobalamin (Vit. B12)| +| | +| +| +|. Eu Energy Blend| +| | | | | Maltodextrin| | | +| | | Sodium Hexametaphosphate| | | +| | | Potassium Sorbate| | | +| | | Sodium Benzoate| | +| +| | +| Calcium Disodium EDTA| | | +| | | Modified Food Starch| | | +| | | Ascorbic Acid (Vit. C)| | | +| | | Lysine| | | | +| | Choline Bitartrate| | | | +| | Tartrazine| | | | +| +| Food Coloring| | Allura Red| | | +| | | Caramel Color| +| | | | | Sunset Yellow| | | | | +| Thiamine HCl (Vit. B1)| | | | | +| Ginseng powder| | | | | +| Ferric Pyrophosphate| | +| | | | Sucralose| | +| | | | Multivitamins| | +| | | | Table 3. 1. Common ingredients present among the energy beverages. Table 3. 1 shows the ingredients of products A, B, C, D, and E. Any formulated energy drink may contain the ingredients listed above. All 5 contain carbohydrates, particularly sucrose, and citric acid. Product C has the highest average quantity of carbohydrates which includes sugar, per serving with 54 g. It is followed by Product E with 39 g. , Product A with 34 g. , Product D with 26 g. , and Product B with 12. 5 g. , respectively. Product A, C, D, and E has Niacin, Pyroxidine Hydrochloride and Cyanocobalamin. Riboflavin is present in Product A while product E has Thiamine Hydrochloride. Vitamin B12, Cyanocobalamin, which is present in Product A, C, D, and E has quantities 2 mcg, 1. 3 mcg, 2. 4 mcg, 0. 70 mcg per serving respectively. In Vitamin B12 Dosing Guidelines for General Supplementation, the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamin B12 for 14 years old and above is 2. 4 mcg daily. An intake of one serving of Product D could supply the daily need of the body of an average teenager and adult while product per serving is 0. 83 % of our body’s needs for B12 everyday (http://women. emedtv. com). The RDAs indicate the adequate intake of a body for a nutrient. Panax Ginseng is found to be present in Products A, B, C, and E. This ingredient is claimed to play a role on mental, physical and sexual performance. It is said that it could lower blood pressure and control blood glucose but there is no current scientific evidence yet on its efficacy (Ernst, 2002). Up to 3,000 mg day of supplemental taurine is safe as considered (http://www. mayoclinic. com). Taurine is an amino acid that may lower blood pressure where systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure in subjects with hypertension have been reduced by 6 grams of supplementary taurine every day (Kohashi et al., 1988). Taurine is present in Product A, B, C, D, and E. It is claimed to control hypertension yet there is insufficient evidence that it can significantly lower the risks of diabetes and epilepsy according to what it is claimed to be. The caffeine present in coffee and pharmaceutical drugs is said to be unhealthy. The caffeine naturally contained in a few herbs such as Yerba Mate, Guarana, Kola Nut, and Green Tea, is naturally occurring caffeine, also known as bio-caffeine and is non-addictive. Moreover, herbal teas are stimulants in nature due to other chemicals beside caffeine. These other stimulants found naturally occurring in herbs, i. e. mateine (found in Yerba Mate), have similar reaction on the body like caffeine does, but they are not addictive at all (http://dherbs. com/). All products were found out to contain caffeine. But among the other products, only Product A has guarana extract (1 gram of guarana is approximately 40 mg of caffeine). Canadian Guidelines recommend an intake of no more than 85 mg/day for people with ages ranging from 12 years old and above. In a research conducted by Warzak et al. (2010), the hours of sleep is negatively correlated with the amount of caffeine intake. Consumption of caffeine may also affect cognitive decline due to its association with a wide range of clinical variables (Ritchie, 2007). Caffeine may cause a persistent effect on the neurochemical system (Sobotka, 1989). Caffeine on children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was more effective than no treatment in declining impulsivity, aggression, and parents and teachers perceptions of childrens symptom severity, compared with Methylphenidate and Amphetamines (http://jad. sagepub. com/). Caffeine is a potent stimulant, thus it may reduce daytime tiredness and improve mental focus. However, researches are still a must regarding caffeines effects on the functioning of adolescents and adults with ADHD. 4. Conclusion After examining the ingredients of the energy drinks, the consumption of the ingredients more than the recommended amounts per day may cause physiological side effects. Caffeinated beverages, to be considered safe, must be limited of no more than the adequate intake of an average man, if a serving is formulated to be consumed once daily. Limited ingestion of these energy drinks most likely does not cause adverse effects. Energy drinks are composed mainly of carbohydrates and different ingredients like taurine, caffeine, and Panax Ginseng which are safe provided that it would be consumed in proper amounts. Caffeine, which is common to many energy drinks, was found out to decline some behavior impairments associated with ADHD such as aggression and impulsivity. References Reissig CJ, Strain EC, Griffiths RR. (2009), Caffeinated energy drinks a growing problem. Drug Alcohol Depend, 99:1–10. Simon, M. Mosher, J. Alcohol (2007), Energy Drinks and Youth: A Dangerous Mix. Marin Institute: Alcohol Industry Watchdog. (Online); Available at: http://www.marininstitute. org/alcopops/resources/ EnergyDrinkReport. pdf. Babu, K. M. , Church, R. J. Lewander, W. â€Å"Energy drinks: the new eye-opener for adolescents,† Clin Ped Emerg Med, Vol. 9, 2008, p. 35-42. Scholey AB, Kennedy DO. Cognitive and physiological effects of an energy drink: an evaluation of the whole drink and of glucose, caffeine and herbal flavouring fractions. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004;176:320-30. ODea JA. Consumption of nutritional supplements among adolescents: usage and perceived benefits. Health Education Research 2003;18:98-107. Savoca MR, Evans CD, Wilson ME, Harshfield GA, Ludwig DA. The association of caffeinated beverages with blood pressure in adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004;158:473-7. Health Canada. Straight Facts about Drugs and Drug Abuse, Ottawa, ON, 2000. (Online); Available at: http://www. hc-sc. gc. ca/hc-ps/alt_formats/hecs-sesc/pdf/pubs/adp-apd/straight_ facts-faits_mefaits/facts-faits-eng. pdf. Health Canada. Food and Nutrition – Caffeine and Your Health, March 2003. (Online); Available at: http://www. hc-sc. gc. ca/fn-an/securit/facts-faits/caffeine-eng. php. Kristi Monson, PharmD and Arthur Schoenstadt, MD. â€Å"Vitamin B12 Dosage†. (Online); Available at: http://women.emedtv. com/vitamin-b12/vitamin-b12-dosage. html. Ernst E. â€Å"The risk-benefit profile of commonly used herbal therapies: Ginkgo, St. Johns Wort, Ginseng, Echinacea, Saw Palmetto, and Kava. Ann†. Intern Med 2002;136:42-53. Katherine Zeratsky, R. D. , L. D. â€Å"Taurine is listed as an ingredient in many energy drinks. What is taurine? Is it safe? †. (Online); Available at: http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/taurine/AN01856. Kohashi, N. , Katori, R. â€Å"Decrease of urinary taurine in essential hypertension†. Prog. Clin. Bio. Med. 1983. 125, 73. William J. Warzak, PhD, Shelby Evans, PhD, Margaret T. Floress, PhD, Amy C. Gross, PhD and Sharon Stoolman, MD. â€Å"Caffeine Consumption in Young Children†. Munroe-Meyer Institute and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE. Received 2 April 2010. K. Ritchie, PhD,, I. Carriere, PhD, A. de Mendonca, MD, PhD, F. Portet, MD, PhD, J. F. Dartigues, MD, PhD, O. Rouaud, MD, P. Barberger-Gateau, MD, PhD and M. L. Ancelin, PhD. â€Å"The neuroprotective effects of caffeine†. Neurology August 7, 2007 vol. 69 no. 6 536-545. â€Å"Caffeine vs. Bio-Caffeine†. (Online); Available at: http://dherbs. com/articles/caffeine-bio-caffeine-304. html. Sobotka TJ: Neurobehavioral effects of prenatal caffeine. Ann NY Acad Sci 1989; 562:327-339. M. Roth Leon. â€Å"Effects of caffeine on cognitive, psychomotor, and affective performance of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder†. (Online); Available at: http://jad. sagepub. com/content/4/1/27. abstract. APPENDIX A Corresponding Labels of Different Energy Drinks Product| Energy Drink Product Name| A| Rockstarâ„ ¢| B| I-ONâ„ ¢| C| Stingâ„ ¢| D| Red Bullâ„ ¢| E| Cobraâ„ ¢| APPENDIX B Determining the Sample Size n=N1+Ne2 Where: n = sample size N = Population size e = margin of error n=71+7(0. 20)2 n=5. 46.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

The United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates Contents Introduction Brief history Rank on human development index Type of government and economic system Economy Health care Statistics Education Family life Social issues Equality Conclusion Works Cited UNITED ARAB EMARITES Introduction This paper deals with the overview of economic, social, governmental and political arrangements in United Arab Emirates. UAE is a steady, exceedingly developed authoritarian system by means of a contemporary financial system. Tourist facilities are extensively on hand. UAE a country that shows us even all the way through hard times, even a great combat, could stand up from the ashes and be one of supreme countries in the human race. (Walsh, 2008) Brief history The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of total of seven emirates came into being on 2 December 1971, in the company of the seventh member, Ras al-Khaimah, coming in early 1972. Ever since that time, on the other hand, the UAE has developed as a federal unit, by means of the result that the so-called try out of unification in the present day symbolizes the lone flourishing effort at federation inside the Arab world. (Romano, 2004) Rank on human development index Backed by the progressive financial program built around monetary liberalization, diversification and development in the position of the private division, the UAE has moved up 23 positions in the United Nation Human Development Index ever since 1980, at present standing in 32nd position in the class of extremely high human development Type of government and economic system The UAE’s governmental system persists to be defined by the conventional patriarchal method of leadership shared with political devotions prearranged around the country’s a variety of ethnic elements. Authoritarian type of government is present here. On the national level, the Supreme Council, counts in the monarchs of each of the seven emirates, is the top executive and governmental authority, â€Å"exercising supreme control upon the affairs of the Union in general† Economy The most recent value for GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) in UAE was 40,760 as of 2012. Since 10 years, the rate for this indicator has varied between 45,630 in 2008 and 33,070 in 2002. The per capita GNP for the UAE is recorded as 112 billion dollars. (Zaman, 2011) Health care Health is a significant subdivision of any country and it is the responsibility of the government to make available the superlative health care facilities to the populace of the state. It is the accountability of the government to present the population by means of the best possible health check facilities. The major aim of any administration is to make sure the interests and well being of the natives. It is one of the most important rights of any human being that he is supposed to encompass the entrance to the fundamental medicinal facilities. When citizens talk on the subject matter of healthiness, they do not converse about a healthy body on the other hand health means robustness of brains which can never be accomplished if the body is not healthy enough in order to perform the responsibilities and the additional everyday tasks. Health is not a personal matter, but instead healthy human being means a healthy measurement of any population. No state can continue to exist devoid of i ts people fit in every sense that counts in the physical and mental well being of nation. It’s the citizens who construct or damage the states. For a fit and progressive country, a strong and fit nation is as obligatory similar to that of the oxygen is for the existence. Following stats show the health care system and expenditures in UA E Statistics Education The UAE offers wide-ranging education to each and every one (male and female students), from play school to university, with schooling for the country’s citizens given that at no cost at all classes. The UAE steadily enlarged its budgetary allotment for both basic and higher teaching levels. AED 9.7 billion or 23% of the entire federal funds was given to the Ministry of Education in 2012 Family life If inhabitants of UAE are to choose between family or work they probably chose family. This shows the clear inclination of the Emiratis people towards family. For them spending quality time with the family is more of a blessing and it is the basic priority in their way of living. Studies show that flexible connection between the family and the work cam lead one to the path of prosperity and success. Those who do not care about the responsibilities of their family unit they suffer ion their private lives and personal relations. A strong family bonding is seen in their families. Number of children may vary from 4 10 6 and concept of re marrying is common in them. Social issues Some of the social issues may count in corruption, adoption of westernization, unequal rights of female, bonded labor and obsession of teen towards modern technology with the passage of time. However well built policies and laws are formulated and implemented to avoid the further consequences of these issues. (Hurreiz, 2002) Equality As per the Article 14 of the constitution specially assures â€Å"equality for all before the law, without distinction between citizens on the basis of race, nationality, religion or social status,† still there do exist an unsaid and undefined criterion by which national or spiritual minorities are deprived of aspects of their civil rights as populace of the country. As UAE is a diverse place for a lot of indigenous people, government is trying to preserve the rights of incoming people by providing equal opportunities on all level. (Ibrahim Abed, 2001) Conclusion I would like to sum up my report with the learning that UAE being the federation of all seven emirates, is flourishing well in terms of economy, education and trade while the country requires to work on human rights and eradication of social problems. Works Cited Hurreiz, S. H. (2002). Folklore and Folklife in the United Arab Emirates. Psychology Press. Ibrahim Abed, P. H. (2001). United Arab Emirates: A New Perspective. Trident Press Ltd,. Romano, A. (2004). A Historical Atlas of the United Arab Emirates. The Rosen Publishing Group. Walsh, J. (2008). UAE. Kuperard. Zaman, N. U. (2011). Uae and Globalization Attracting Foreign Investments. GRIN Verlag.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

James Baldwin is an Epic Poet Essay -- Notes of a Native Son

James Baldwin; Epic Poet When studying humanity through the arts and literature one can?t help but notice that every civilization has a famous narrative or an epic. The epic marks the beginning of classical civilization in that it was the first form of literature to be written down from oral tradition. The epic tells of the glory of a society, of its? founding from the ruin of another or tells us of the experiences of a beloved hero. The common trait of any epic poem or narrative lies in the tragic hero, or the main character of the story. The hero represents a more than average member of society with a tragic fatal flaw. The narration ends with the hero?s downfall at the hands of this fatal flaw which reminds us of our weak human nature. The tragic downfall of the hero does not always manifest itself in the hero?s death but sometimes in his realization of a hard truth. Western culture has romanticized these heroes in more than just literature but in everyday life. I couldn?t help but notice the char acteristics of a tragic hero manifest themselves in a young James Baldwin as I read his essay ?Notes of a Native Son.? In this 20th century essay; Baldwin as the author uses the narrative of his experiences around the time of his father?s death to analyze his feelings on family, race and culture. Baldwin?s writing flows brilliantly between narrative and analysis in an almost epic fashion. Through my writing I would like to analyze the epic of the young James Baldwin and see what truths are hidden in the framework of Baldwin?s marvelous tale. After his fathers? death Baldwin reflects on him through stories and scenes of social unrest. In order to understand the character of James Baldwin we must first unde... ...He is forced to accept life as it is, an unjust world in which father and son, black and white cannot see each other as equals. One must accept this world because failure to accept it leads to hatred and despair and as we have seen hatred led to the destruction of his father. But on the same token he outlines another hard truth which is that one must not accept the injustice with lowered eyes, one must fight injustices. We as humans experience this sad reality everyday as the epic of human life and through his words at the end of the essay James realizes his humanity as well. We must all accept injustice but at the same time fight to change it, that is our duty that we owe to our fellow humans. Works Cited Baldwin, James. ?Notes of a Native Son.? 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Polymer Chains

Name: Jeff Chudakoff Partners: Alejandra Garcia Date: 2 December 2011 TA: Mengbin Chen Skill Building Exercise #2 Answer the following questions: 1. What does it mean when a polymer is crosslinked? Crosslinked is one manner in which monomers link together. In this method, separate polymer chains are connected via bonds between the individual polymer chains. 2. We discussed how polymer linking and structure contribute to its properties. How would you expect the density, elasticity, and rigidity of a polymer that is branched to compare to one that is linear?I would expect the density of the linear polymer to be much higher than the density of the branched polymer, which I would expect to have low density. The branched structure, though, would be more elastic than the linear structure. The linear polymer would be expected to have more rigidity than the branched structure. 3. Consider the following polymer: a. Identify and draw the chemical formula of the monomer from which this polymer is made of. Clearly explain the criteria you used to identify the monomer. State how many carbons, oxygens, and hydrogens can be found in one monomer of this polymer. This is the monomer. C2H4O) In this monomer there are two carbons, four hydrogens, and one oxygen. I identified this as the monomer by looking for the repeating component of the polymer. b. This polymer is hydrophilic. Give a plausible reason for this behavior. Your explanation should be based on the molecular structure of the polymer, the molecular structure of water, and the interactions between molecules of these two substances. You should use terms such as polarity, polar bond, charge, interactions, attractions, repulsions or hydrogen bonds. However, you should use only those terms that apply to this situation.The polymer is surrounded by hydrogens via hydrogen bonds between the hydrogens and the carbons. This is a polar bond, resulting in hydrogen being relatively positively charged. Water molecules are also polar molecules. The oxygen has a relatively negative charge and, thus, would interact with the polymer. There would be attraction between the oxygen of the water and the hydrogens of the polymer, characterizing a hydrophilic property of the polymer. 4. Nylons are named with two numbers. c. What do the 6 and 10 represent in the name of your product?The 6 and 10 represent the number of carbons in the two polymer chains that are connected to construct the nylon. The first chain [N(CH2)6N] has six carbons, while the second [C(CH2)8C] has ten carbons. d. Draw the structure of nylon 5-12. 5. We did not calculate the percent yield for our nylon synthesis because we did not have time to fully dry the product, but it is an important aspect of synthesis. Another difficulty is that the polymer chain length can be variable, so the molecular weight of the monomer is used. e. Assume you began with exactly 20. 00 mL of each reactant.What is the limiting reagent? Show your work. 20. 00mL ? 1L1000mL ? 0 . 5mol1L=0. 01mol Hexamethylenediamine 20. 00mL ? 1L1000mL ? 0. 2mol1L=0. 004mol Sebacic Acid Since the mole ratio is 1:1, the one with less is the limiting reactant. Therefore, Sebacic Acid is the limiting reactant. f. What is the theoretical yield in grams of Nylon 6-10? The mole ratio is 1:1; so, we would expect to get the same amount of moles as the limiting reactant (0. 004mol) of Nylon 6-10. 0. 004mol Sebacoyl chloride ? 1 mol 6-10 nylon monomer1 mol Sebacoyl chloride? 282. 42g1mol 6-10 nylon monomer=1. 13 grams 6-10 nylon

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Iodex Case Essay

Ads appeals help convey the brand positioning to its target markets. Brand managers have a choice between two broad appeals-Hard & Soft. While they use both according to the market dynamics, thematic campaigns need soft appeals. Within Soft appeals most frequently used are Humor, Slice of Life and Testimonial. Fear, Agony, Subliminal, sex and abrasive are less utilized locally. Looking at the most advertised category-Telecom-spending nearly Rs.7 b in 2009-10, we notice Ufone using humor right from the beginning. They have attained no.3 posItion after Telenor and Mobilink with a long battle.. Brand has created a strong identity through its consistent characters and popular persona in the last few years. With the highest SOS in its category-Rs.1.9 b in 2010-the brand has not changed its appeal and seemingly following the Law of Consistency brilliantly. Mobilink and Telenor have stuck mostly with Slice of Life appeals. Wand has lately been re-activated changing its agency to O&M with greater focus on re-branding, Glow.lising youth as its core target, the brand is adhering to Metaphoric marketing with inspirational appeal to its segmentiong is sticking to Slice of Life emotional appeals in most of its thematic campaigns targeting the lower pre-paid segment. Its latest Mini bus Karachi campaign has created significant visibility with matching BTL activities. The personal care market is dominated by Testimonial appeal and is the most frequently used phenomenon in this sector. Mega brands-Lux,Veet,Paritene & H&S-aII showing glamorous Indian Icons with great fanfare Katrina, Kareena and Shilpa zooming with their magic helping the brands attain market leadership.Sunsilk while trying to imbibe the brand with an international look, is using some foreign experts but with little sparkle Lately,Clear has also joined the race with ShahidKapoor. Locally Iman Ali is being very successfully exploited for Jofa lawns and eclipsed Vanieeza Ahmed V9 and Kareena in Firdous Textile campaigns. In the detergent market, we again notice abundance of Slice of life across the board by Surf, Ariel and Brite. Very recently advertisers are also experimenting wth subliminal appeals using Iman Ali in Kashmir banaspati and QMobile.Prevoisly Magnum did it gorgeously in their TVCs. Interestingly pharma OTC brands-Strepsils &Dispirin from RB and Panadol of GSK have mostly resorted to Slice of life instead of agony appeal alone or a combination. lodex is now contemplating to push the market for its new white gel in tube after daunting campaigns from Moove and Volteren using a Slice of Life and agony mix. Brand manager is aware of the fact that lodex used humor successfully in the lndian market few years back.

Bosch company part-A project report Essay

1.1 Autumobile industry The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets and sells the world motor vehicles. In 2008, more than 70 million motor vehicles, including cars and commercial vehicles were produced worldwide. In 2007, a total of 71.9 million new automobile were sold worldwide. Around the word, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007: the burn over 260 billion gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly. The numbers are increasing rapidly especially in India and china. 1.2 INDIA An embryonic automotive industry started in India in the 1940s. However for the next 50 years the growth of the industry was hobbled by the socialist policies and the bureaucratic hurdles of the license. Following, the economic liberalization in India from 1991 and the gradual easing of restrictions on industry, India has seen dynamic 17% annual growth in automobile production and 30% annual growth in export of automotive components and automobiles. India produces around 2 million automobiles currently. Total turnover of the Indian automobile industry is expected to grow from USF 34 billion in 2006 to 122 billion in 2016. Tata Motors has launched Tata Nano, the cheapest car in d world at USD 2200. Indian automotive industry is contributing a significant portion to overall Indians GDP. This sector is growing and promising a lucrative future. Automotive sector also provides wide business and employment opportunities. With the liberalization of economy, the decades old monopolistic environment of the Indian automotive industry where only a handful of vehicle models were available with a long waiting list, gradually gave way to a highly competitive, complex and rapidly changing market which was not limited to domestic market alone. Today the number of vehicle models available are more than hundred and not a month goes without offerings of newer and more advanced mode. Ironically for the Indian automotive industry, the cost of technology development has increased manifold and increasing product cost has put a squeeze on profit margin affecting their ability to outsource expensive technologies. Moreover, the technologies are not so easily available from outside .Instead of giving a license or setting up joint ventures with an industry, many intentionally renowned automobile manufacturers have started production in India to take advantage of grate commercial opportunities Indian market offer. Even in the existing joint venture, the control has slowing moved into hands of MNCs. Indian automotive industry urgently needs technologies to produce fuel efficient, environmental friendly, lighter, safer and cost competitive engines, and vehicles. Advanced material and manufacturing techniques, technologies for using alternative fuels, emission abatement, fuel economy improvement, safety enhancement, engine management systems, and embedded vehicle control system are some of the areas where we must focus our efforts. 1.3 AT PRESENT, INDIA IS THE WORLD’S †¢Largest tractor and three wheel vehicle producer †¢Second largest two wheel vehicle producer †¢Fourth largest commercial vehicle producer †¢Eleventh largest passenger car producer. CHAPTER- 2 COMPANY PROFILE 2.1 BACKGROUND AND INCEPTION OF THE COMPANY BOSCH Group founded in 1886 in Germany as a workshop for precision Mechanics and Electrical engineering by Robert BOSCH Group. The BOSCH Group today is the largest automotive technology supplier in the world with a global group turnover of 47.3 billion Euros in the automotive technology, industrial technology, consumer goods and buildings technology in the fiscal 2010. Robert BOSCH Group GmbH is a widely known company the world over, with presence across six continents. It has more than 300 subsidiaries and regional companies in over 60 countries. If its sale and service partners are included, then Bosch is represented in roughly 150 countries. Bosch operates 260 manufacturing locations worldwide of these 200 are located outside Germany in Europe, North and South America, Asia, and Australia. The company employs more than 283,500 associates worldwide. The name Bosch is synonymous with innovation in automotive technology, industrial technology and consumer goods and building technology. The company is not just famous for automotive technology products like Gasoline, Chassis systems and Car electronics, it is also a pioneer in the areas of automation technology, metal technology, packaging technology, power tools, heating technology, house hold appliances, car multimedia systems and security systems. In 2010, BOSCH Group filed 3800 patent applications across the globe. The special ownership structure of the BOSCH Group guarantees financial independence and entrepreneurial freedom of the Bosch group, making it possible for the company to plan over the long–term and to undertake significant up front investments in the safeguarding of its future. 92% of the shares capital of Robert Bosch GmbH is held by Robert Bosch sifting GmbH, the charitable foundation. The slogan â€Å"Invented for Life† is part of its long tradition, through which it communicates the Group’s core competencies and vision, that includes technological leadership, modernity, dynamics, and quality and customer orientation. 2.2 ABOUT BOSCH LIMITED Bosch has been present in India for more than 80 years –first via representative office in Calcutta since 1992, and then from 1951 via its subsidiary Bosch Limited (formerly Motor Industries Company Limited) Bosch Limited (then MICO) began operations with a two man team in Chennai; its activities were importing and marketing BOSCH Group automotive products. Soon after the company set up a manufacturing plant for sparkplugs and fuel injection equipment for diesel engines in Bangalore. Bosch Limited today is the country’s largest auto component manufacturer and also one of the largest Indo-German companies in India. The BOSCH Group holds close to 71.18% stake in Bosch Limited. The company is headquartered in Bangalore with manufacturing facilities in Bangalore, Nasik, Naganathapura, Jaipur and recently-opened facility in Goa. The plants are TS 16949 and ISO 14004 Certified. Bosch Limited has its presence across automotive technology, industrial technology and consumer goods and building technology, with strength of over 11,700 associates. The company recorded a turnover of Rs. 6630 crores in 2010. The company has excellent R&D and manufacturing capabilities and a strong customer base. Its market leadership is testimony to the high quality and technology of its products. It also has a strong presence in the Indian automotive services sector. Bosch’s service network spans across 1,000 towns and cities with 5000 sales outlets and over 4,000 authorized representatives who ensure widespread availability of both products and services. Bosch Ltd: – Bosch is also represented by five other group companies in India. 1.Robert Bosch Engineering and Business Solutions Ltd: – Robert Bosch Engineering and Business Solutions Ltd., a 100% subsidiary of Robert Bosch GmbH, which is present in India since 1998, has emerged as one of the largest Bosch development centres outside Germany. It provides end to end engineering and technology solutions for all the business sectors of automotive technology, industrial technology, consumer goods and building technology. 2.Bosch Rexroth India Ltd: – Bosch Rexroth India Ltd., established in 1974 in India, serves customers through its manufacturing facilities and service centres in Ahmadabad and Bangalore. 3.Bosch Chassis Systems India Ltd: – Bosch Chassis Systems India Ltd., established in 1982 as Kalyani Brakes Limited in India, is amongst the leading manufactur ¬ers of brakes in the country. It currently manufactures a range of Hydraulic Brake Systems meeting the stringent quality norms of many leading Indian and international vehicle manufacturers. 4.Bosch Automotive Electronics India Private Ltd: – Bosch Automotive Electronics India Private Ltd. is a 100% subsidiary of Bosch Group and is engaged in the manufacture and sale of electronic devices and electronic control units. The Company is based at Naganathapura in Bangalore. 5.Bosch Electrical Drives India Private Ltd: – Bosch Electrical Drives India Private Ltd. is a joint venture company. It drives for various automotive applications such as window lift drive, wiper system, engine cooling fans etc. Robert Bosch Worldwide The Bosch Group is one of the world’s biggest private industrial corporations. Headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany, the Bosch Group has some 280,000 Executives worldwide, and generated annual sales revenue of 38.2 billion Euros in 2009. There are about 300 subsidiary and regional companies around the world. History of Bosch †¢1886 Opening of Workshop for Precision Mechanics and Electrical Engineering in Stuttgart on 15 November †¢1887 First low-voltage magneto from Bosch for stationary petrol engines †¢1897 First low-voltage magneto ignition for motor vehicle internal combustion engines †¢1901 First plant in Stuttgart †¢1902 First commercially viable high-voltage spark plug †¢1906 Production of 100,000th magneto ignition †¢1906 Introduction of eight-hour working day †¢1910 Opening of plant in Stuttgart-Feuerbach †¢1913 Start of production of headlights †¢1918 American assets seized; later become American Bosch Magneto †¢1926 Start of production of windscreen wipers †¢1927 First diesel fuel injection pump †¢1929 First TV Set from Fernseh AG division †¢1932 Formation of Junkers & Co. †¢1932 First power drill from Bosch †¢1932 First Blaupunkt car audio †¢1936 First diesel fuel injection pump for passenger cars, such as the Mercedes-Benz 260D †¢1942 Death of the company founder Robert Bosch on 12 March †¢1962 Worcester Bosch Group opens in England †¢1964 Robert Bosch Foundation †¢1970 Company headquarter moves to Gerlingen †¢1976 First oxygen sensors †¢1978 Worldwide first Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) †¢1979 First electronic engine management system (Motronic) †¢1982 Company acquires photographic equipment division from Braun AG †¢1986 Traction control system (TCS) on the market †¢1995 Acquisition of Atco-Qualcast Ltd †¢1995 First Electronic Stability Control – Electronic Stability Program (ESP ®) †¢1997 Common rail diesel fuel injection †¢2000 DI-Motronic gasoline direct injection system †¢2003 Acquisition of Buderus AG †¢2003 Digital car radio with MP3 drive and digital recorder (Blaupunkt) †¢2003 The formation of the Robert Bosch Tool Corporation and acquisition of S-B Power Tool Corporation and Vermont American Corporation including the brand names for Bosch Power Tools, Skill Power Tools, Dremel, Vermont-American, Primark brands, and Gilmours †¢2004 Third-generation common rail diesel injection for cars, with piezo injectors †¢2004 Bosch opens new Technology Center in Abstatt †¢2006 Bosch acquires Telex Communications, a maker of hearing aids, headsets and audio equipment, and partners with Daewoo to build Bosch refrigerators in Mexico †¢2007 The Bosch Communications Systems business unit is created to manage the brands and products of former Telex Communications †¢2008 Tata Nano, the $2,500 People’s Car powered by Bosch-designed engine is unveiled at Auto Expo in New Delhi. Bosch plans to acquire majority stake in Ersol photovoltaic’s. †¢2009 Bosch acquires LR Nelson, a maker of lawn and garden products, including ponds, and merges the Gilmour’s and Nelson brands into Bosch – Garden and Watering. †¢2009 Manufacture of Electronic Control Unit and Anti lock Brake System. †¢2010 Bosch started production of predictive emergency braking system, which alert of emergencies & automatically applies brakes if needed †¢2010 Launch of A4000 pump meeting BS3 norms of commercial vehicles in India 2.3 NATURE OF BUSINESS CARRIED Automotive Technology Business divisions: Diesel and Gasoline Fuel Injection Systems, Car Multimedia Systems, Auto Electricals and Accessories, Starters and Generators, Energy and Body Systems. Industrial Technology Business divisions: Packaging Machines, Special Purpose Machines, Solar Energy Consumer Goods and Building Technology Business divisions: Power Tools, Security Systems 2.4 BOSCH VISION Creating Value – Sharing Values As a leading technology and services company, we take advantage of Bosch global opportunities for a strong and meaningful development. Bosch ambition is to enhance the quality of life with solutions that are both innovative and beneficial. We focus on Bosch core competencies in automotive and industrial technologies as well as in products and services for professional and private use. We strive for sustained economic success and a leading market position in all that we do. Entrepreneurial freedom and financial independence allow Bosch actions to be guided by a long-term perspective. In the spirit of Bosch founder, we particularly demonstrate social and environmental responsibility – wherever we do business. Bosch customers choose us for Bosch innovative strength and efficiency, for Bosch reliability and quality of work. Bosch organizational structures, processes, and leadership tools are clear and effective, and support the requirements of Bosch various businesses. We act according to common principles. We are strongly determined to jointly achieve the goals we have agreed upon. As associates worldwide, we feel a special bond in the values we live by – day for day. The diversity of Bosch cultures is a source of additional strength. We experience Bosch task as challenging, we are dedicated to our work, and we are proud to be part of Bosch. 2.4.1 BOSCH MISSION BeQIK – Be Better, Be Bosch – Profit secures our growth †¢Quality †¢Innovation †¢Customer Orientation BeQIK gives us the bearing for our actions. Our objective is to continuously improve all our internal processes – so that growth and economic success can be secured in the long term. BeQIK †¢Quality is our most valued asset †¢Innovation today ensures businesses tomorrow †¢Customer orientation inspires customers and associates BeBetter †¢We want continuous improvement †¢We want to be better than our competitors BeBosch †¢We offer outstanding products and services worldwide †¢We keep our promises 2.4.2 QUALITY POLICY †¢We strive to exceed the expectations of our customers by offering products and services of high quality standards. †¢Quality encompasses our assets throughout their life cycle, and our initiatives towards environmental protection and safety. †¢We effectively deploy methods and told to provide cost effective solutions to meet our quality objectives. †¢We involve our business partners in our endeavor towards improvements across the supply chain. Quality Principles †¢Our goal is to fully satisfy our customer’s expectations through our quality of our products and services. †¢Quality and quality improvements is every associate’s responsibility and ultimate goal from our board of directors to their apprentices. †¢Our directives, processes, systems and goals are based on requirements from international standards, consumer’s expectation, our knowledge and experience. Knowledge of and compliance with these directives and processes in the foundation of our quality. †¢Quality means doing right in the beginning thus preventing failures in the end. Continues improvements for quality of processes lowers costs and improves productivity. †¢Avoiding failure is more important that eliminating defects. We systematically apply methods and tools, preventive quality assurance systematically, learn from mistakes and prevent their root causes without delays. †¢Our suppliers contribute systematically to the quality of our products and services. Therefore our suppliers have to live up to standards we have adopted. 2.5 PRODUCT/SERVICE PROFILE Product Range A. Automotive Technology – Robert Bosch Diesel Systems †¢Common Rail System for passenger cars, commercial vehicles & off-highway vehicles †¢Axial Distribution injection pumps †¢Multi Cylinder Inline Injection Pumps (PE) †¢Single-Cylinder Injection Pumps (PF) †¢Elements †¢Delivery Values (DV) †¢Governors †¢Injection Timers for PE pumps †¢Fuel Filter & Water Separators †¢Glow Equipment †¢Electronic Control Unit Gasoline system †¢Electronic Control Unit †¢Fuel Injectors †¢Lambda Sensors †¢Engine Speed Sensors †¢Knock Sensors †¢Hot Film Air Mass Meter †¢Pressure Regulators †¢CVT Belts †¢Connectors & other plastic parts Starters & Generators (Auto Electrical) †¢Starter Motors †¢Generators Spark Plugs †¢Spark plugs for 2, 3 and 4 wheelers and industrial applications †¢Long Life Plugs :Nickel Yttrium & Twin Electrode Test Equipment & Diagnostics †¢Fuel Injection Pump Calibration Test Benches †¢Nozzle Tester †¢Auto Electrical Test Bench †¢Diagnostic Tool : KTS series †¢Engine Analyzer : FSA series †¢Engine Analyzer : BEA series †¢Chassis System Check †¢Battery Service Equipment †¢Wide range of service tools for unit & vehicle repairs †¢Software / Teach ware : ESI ( tronic ), MSI, K-CD B. Industrial Technology Industrial Equipment †¢Special Purpose Metal Cutting / Grinding / Honing / Lapping/ Super Finishing machines. †¢Semi / Fully Automatic Assembly Machines †¢Semi / Fully Automatic Inspection & Measuring Equipment †¢Cleaning Machines †¢Electro-Chemical Machines †¢Tools, Gauges & Fixtures †¢Exhaust Gas Re-circulating Unit (EGR) †¢Test Equipment Bosch Packaging Machines †¢Vertical Form Fill & Seal Machines †¢Dosing System – Cup Filler, Auger Filler, Weighed & Pump †¢Pharmaceutical Packaging Machines †¢Confectionary Processing & Packaging Machines C. Consumer Goods & Building Technology Bosch Power Tools †¢Construction Tools †¢Wood Working Tools †¢Metal Working Tools †¢Cordless Tools †¢Do- It Yourself Tools †¢Lawn & Garden Tools †¢High Pressure Water Jets †¢Specialty Tools †¢Pneumatic Tools †¢High Frequency Tools †¢Automation Technology †¢Accessories for all Tools †¢Fischer Fixing System Bosch Security Systems †¢Fire Detection †¢Intrusion Detection System †¢CCTV Surveillance †¢Access Control †¢Integrated Security Management & BIS †¢Public Address & Emergency Sound System 2.6 AREA OF OPERATION The Bosch Group is one of the world’s biggest private industrial corporations. Headquartered at Stuttgart, Germany. There are about 300 subsidiary and regional companies around the world. In India, Bosch is a leading supplier of technology and services, and has a strong presence in the country at numerous locations in diverse industry segments. Bosch Limited is India’s largest auto component manufacturer and also one of the largest Indo – German company in India. Bosch Limited has a strong nationwide service network which spans across 1,000 towns and cities with over 4,000 authorized representations to ensure widespread availability of both products and services. The company is headquartered in Bangalore with manufacturing facilities at Bangalore, Naganathapura (near Bangalore), Nasik, Jaipur and Goa. Number of Branches in India Bosch manufacturing facilities are located in Bangalore with state of the art plants in Bangalore, Naganathapura, Nasik, Jaipur and Goa. All the 5 plants are TS 16949 and ISO certified. Bangalore Plant Manufactures multi cylinder, PE pumps, mechanical governors, elements, delivery valves, special purpose machines, packaging machines, power tools and will foray into the production of common rail pumps from 2006 onwards. Built areas 109.948m2 Land area 311.140m2 Employees more than 5500 Nagnathapura Plant RBIN (Bosch Ltd. India) Naganathapura Plant, inaugurated in the year 1990, is the 3rd plant among the 4 plant of RBIN. The plant houses productions hangars for Spark Plugs, Glow Equipment, Starter Motors, Alternators, Regulators and PF Pumps. Portions of the plant are leased out to RBAI and Bosch Training Center. Built area 47.494m2 Land area 266.100m2 Employees more than 1279 Nasik Plant Set up in 1969 is specialized in manufacture of clinical and Euro series of nozzles and injectors to automobile industries recently the Nasik Plant has ventured into the production of CRI ports catapulted by Bosch Endeavour in common rail technology. Built area 67617m Land area 405.060m2 Employees more than 2500 Jaipur Plant Set up in 1999 the Jaipur plant manufactures BE (Mechanical) pumps for domestic market and export purpose. The VE pump (Distributor fuel injection pump) is designed to meet Bharat state 11 & Euro 11 emission norms. These pumps are used in 3-6 cylinder vehicles. Built area 16345m2 Land area 202350m2 Employees more than 1200 COUNTRIES COVERED Middle-East and Africa (UAE, EGYPT, KENYA), Neighboring countries (Sri Lanka, Bangladesh,) South East Asia (Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia). 2.7 OWNERSHIP PATTERN Since 1964, Bosch’s majority shareholder has been Robert Bosch Stiftung GmbH, a charitable foundation. The Stiftung carries on the charitable and social endeavors of the company’s founder in contemporary form. It sees itself as a foundation that pursues its objectives both with programs and institutions of its own, and by supporting suitable projects and initiatives proposed by others for tackling the tasks faced by society. Today, the Robert Bosch Stiftung, a charitable foundation, holds a 92 percent stake in the share capital of Robert Bosch GmbH. The share dividend received by the foundation is used exclusively for charitable purposes, i.e. to support general medical care, international understanding, social work, training and education. 2.8 COMPETITORS INFORMATION †¢Modi Champion †¢Delphi †¢Denso †¢Doowon †¢Electrex †¢Nippon †¢NGK †¢Siemens VDO †¢Zexel †¢Cav England †¢Lucas †¢TVS 2.9 INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES Bosch infrastructure is one of the best in the country. The individual work place is designed as per the international standards which make the employees feel comfortable, proud, happy and safe. Medical Facilities †¢Medical centre works round the clock and also provides a 24 hours ambulance service †¢The company has also associated with important hospitals, labs and senior medical consultants in the city for the treatment of the employees †¢They are provided with annual master health check-up †¢Special schemes like hospitalization scheme, Manipal hospital scheme and Medical reimbursement scheme are provided to the employees Canteen Facilities †¢Food is provided to all the employees and 24hrs a day providing breakfast, lunch, dinner, tea/coffee and snacks for 8500 employees in 4 shifts. †¢It is well equipped and accommodation for more than 1500 persons at a time †¢The food provided in the organization is 100% hygiene. Workings of the canteen is guided by an advisory committee Transportation Facilities †¢The company provides transport facilities for employees Library Facilities †¢The company has the facility of both general and technical library The general library is used by the project trainees also Other Facilities †¢Sports club †¢Fine Arts Society looks into the cultural events and various programmes conducted during the course of the year. †¢Uniform, shoes, socks and soap is given to employees on the job by Bosch. †¢Accident benefit scheme †¢Holiday homes and time share holidays †¢Vehicle expenses and reimbursement †¢Death relief scheme. 2.10 ACHIEVEMENTS/AWARD February 1, 2012: Bosch Limited wins Car & Bike Award 2012 The accolades and awards keep rolling in for Bosch Limited. Once again, Bosch Limited was the proud winner of the Subros Car & Bike Award 2012 in the â€Å"Best Automotive Component Manufacturer† category. Bosch Wins â€Å"Car & Bike† Award 2011 Receiving yet another glory in its 125th Anniversary Year, Bosch Limited was conferred with the Car & Bike India Award in â€Å"Best Auto Component Manufacturer† category. The Car & Bike Award function was held at Mumbai on January 13, 2011. Bosch was adjudged the best among two other nominees, namely Delphi and Endurance. Jan. 07, 2010: NDTV Car & Bike Award – ‘Automotive technology of the year’ This accolade recognizes the contributions made by Bosch in India, for localizing ABS (Antilock Braking System) production. Bosch is the only automotive supplier to manufacture ABS in India for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles. ABS is crucial to safety while driving, as it makes braking safer, by preventing the wheels from locking. April 15, 2009: DHL – CNBC TV18 International Trade Award Bosch won this honor in the category of auto component industry, for doing extremely well in exports through its low-cost solutions. The award recognizes the company’s commitment and innovations that address the needs of the Indian market, and keep Brand India alive. Feb. 20, 2009: NDTV Car & Bike Award – ‘Auto component manufacturer of the year 2009’ Bosch was chosen as the best in the auto component industry of India for the year 2009. These awards are considered as benchmarks for auto excellence in India and widely trusted by consumers, manufacturers and auto experts alike. The award recognizes the best in the automobile industry of India. Jan. 7, 2009: UTVi Autocar Award Bosch and Mahindra & Mahindra won the ‘Best Innovation of the Year’ UTVi Autocar Award. The award recognizes Bosch innovation start/stop system which contributes to fuel efficiency at a very reasonable cost. The Mahindra Bolero Micro Hybrid is the first vehicle in India to integrate this technology in their new car. June 21, 2008: Business Standard Award ‘Star MNC of the year’ Bosch was noted for its cutting edge technologies, especially for designing and delivering low cost high quality fuel injection system and for pioneering the common rail system in India. Jan. 10, 2008: NDTV Car & Bike Award – ‘Car Technology of the year’ Bosch not only setup the common rail injector and pump manufacturing projects in record time, but also pioneered the new application of Common Rail in low cost car segment. This is a revolutionary leap achieved by Bosch in India, which is the pioneer of Common Rail technology in the rest of the world as well. Jan, 12, 2007: NDTV Profit Car & Bike Award 2007 – ‘Automotive Technology of the year’’ Audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers, these awards honored the best in the Indian automotive industry for their handiwork in calendar year 2006. Bosch was presented with the award for its application of ABS / ESP technology. Jan. 4, 2007: CNBC-TV18 Autocar Auto Award – ‘Auto Component manufacturer of the year’ Bosch Limited was chosen for the mark that it has made both in the domestic and international markets with its superior technology and products. These awards seek to reward exemplary performance in the industry in 2006 based on a comprehensive set of attributes including design, technology, value, product experience and so on. The selection process truly reflects the choices and sentiments of all stakeholders and justifies their stature as benchmarks in auto excellence. Aug. 17, 2006: Dun & Bradstreet American Express Corporate Award -–‘Top Indian company in the Auto Components sector’ The award recognizes the twin virtues of size and growth in the organizations of corporate India, from a derived list of top 500 companies in the country. Bosch Limited was selected as the best amongst the top 10 auto component manufacturers in India. Aug. 10, 2006: EEPC Award – ‘Star Performer for outstanding export performance’ The Engineering Export Promotion Council (EEPC) conferred the ‘‘tar Performer’’for outstanding export performance in the large enterprises category on Bosch Ltd, which garnered a total export figure of Rs 423 crores in 2005, almost twice as high as Rs 193 crores in 2001. Jan. 12, 2006: NDTV Profit Car India Award – ‘Safety & Technology Award’ Bosch was presented with this award for its pioneering work on the new age direct injection diesel fueling systems, with notable emphasis in the range of common rail diesels. Also taken into account was the persistent focus on unit injector systems which are entering the scene in the high profile high aspiration D-segment cars. The jury considered not just the technology but its bearing on safety, and the benefits it brought to automotive users as well as the potential it has for India. Jan. 8, 2005: Overdrive–Auto Monitor Award – ‘Auto component manufacturer of the year’ Recognized for innovations in technology and the scale and size of manufacturing capabilities, the award also commemorated the customer satisfaction earned by Bosch over the years, performance, quality and diverse range of products. This Annual Award is the â€Å"Oscar† for the automobile industry in India and recognizes the â€Å"best† in the industry in association with reputed industry bodies like CII, SIAM & ACMA. 2.11 WORK FLOW MODEL The work flow model of Bosch can be interpreted in two phases †¢Information flow †¢Material flow Bosch believes in the concept of â€Å"customer is king† this is depicted in the workflow model which starts with customer signifying the pull system of production (i.e. production against customer order). Sales and marketing department receives purchase order from the customer. R&D division takes decision with respect to product design and specification. Engineering wing analyses the order and decides upon in house manufacturing or outsourcing. The next step is to procure the component and assembling the final product, or acquire raw materials and convert it into finished product. Finally dispatch the end product to logistics department, which is entrusted with the responsibility of transit of consignment to the ultimate consumer. 2.12 FUTURE GROWTH AND PROSPECTS The auto component industry appears to have a bright future with the existing manufacturing planning and capacity and in addition moreover new plants are being setup with foreign collaboration. The Indian auto component industry is highly fragmented with over 3000 players in organized sector and estimated 500 units in the small sector. Vocationally the industry has developed major vehicle manufacturing centers. Small and medium enterprise sector is keen on taking a number of technology investment initiatives in order to become self reliant and globally competitiveness according to a confederation of Indian Industry survey report on auto component. The survey reveals that Indian small scale enterprises manufacturing auto components are well equipped to produce components as per international standards. These SMEs have now started talking strategic positions in the international markets at both the original equipment manufacturers and the replacement supply. The last few months have seen a virtual boom in the Indian automobile industry with not only domestic component manufacturing shares but also the formidable biggies also entering India in such a manner that it is increasingly turning out to be a lucrative destination for many companies. The other growth plans are †¢Focus on strengthening or engineering competencies and infrastructure in new product lines. †¢Focus on securing liquidity position. †¢Cost reduction without hurting the long term interest of the business. †¢Import substitution projects. †¢Continuous improvement activities and implementing lean practices through Bosch Production System (BPS), continue with redesign of HR policies and practices to attract, retain and motivate employee. CHAPTER – 3 MCKINSEYS’S 7S FRAMEWORK 3.1 STRATEGY Strategy is the systematic action allocation of resources to achieve company goals. A strategy is defined as â€Å"a coherent set of action aimed at gaining a sustainable advantage over competitors by improving the market position and effective allocation of resources vice versa. Hr Strategy It pays special attention to competence management and filling up of executive positions in growth regions, special entry programs to attract qualified university graduates and applicants with professional experience. Train and develop the younger generation of apprentices/ engineers who are the future skilled technicians and managers. Corporate Strategy Bosch economic strategy corresponds to a common aim of the group for innovation, independence and integrity. The aim is to be among the world market leaders and to be a major player in all of the company business sectors. The strategy to achieve this goal is by strong marketing of new products and ongoing investment in Research and Development to innovate continuously. The emphasis on innovation is underlined by huge number of associates, working in Research and Development departments, 21250 world wide. Efficient sales and customer service also play a key role in Bosch’s corporate strategy. Innovation Bosch shall focus their innovative strength on technology that is â€Å"INVENTED FOR LIFE.† Bosch has invested heavily in R&D much above the industry average. This has resulted in Bosch pioneering many technological advances †¢Anti-locking braking systems †¢Electronic stability control †¢High pressure diesel injection †¢Parking assist systems 3.2 STRUCTURE The design of organization structure is a critical task to the top management of an organization. It is the selection of the whole organization edifice. Organization structure refers to the relatively more durable organizational arrangements and relationships. It prescribes the formal relationship, how an organizational member’s procedure exists. To guide the various activities performed by the member of all part of the organization. 3.3 SYSTEM System refers to formal process and procedures use to manage the organization including the management control system performance management measurement and reward system, information system and distribution. Human Resource The HR organization uses its human resources strategy to support the divisions in the pursuit of their objectives. This involves the consistent application of the balanced scorecard. This method is used by executives. The HR organization’s missions are based on the House of Orientation and contribute to closer alignment with the strategic objectives of the company. The â€Å"House of Orientation† provides a frame of reference for Bosch long term road map and for the way Bosch works together. It is based on Bosch values and core competencies. Environment Management Bosch has been expanding the environment management systems at Bosch sites since 1996. Now, the 300 sites have been certified to ISO 14001. Bosch implemented a maturity model for all manufacturing and developing sites, which will serve as the basis for further improvements in environmental protection, occupational safety and fire safety. Occupational Safety Management Bosch implemented a new occupational safety management system based on the globally recognized OHSAS 18001 standard. One of the systems main functions is to detest potential accident and health risks for associates in order to take appropriate preventive measures in good time. The new system is to be implemented at all manufacturing sites in no more than two years. This makes Bosch one of the forerunners in global implementation of the OHSAS 18001 standard. Bosch Production System (Bps) It was installed in 2002. It is a systematic production system in Bosch. In general it is called as Lean manufacturing. Just in Time (JIT) is one of the systems in Bosch production. In this the right parts produced at the right quantity should reach the assembly time at the right time. Approaches in Bosch Production System †¢The right part †¢In the right quantity †¢In the right quality †¢At the right cost †¢At the right time †¢At the right place Quick Response System (Qrs) System designed to respond quickly to any problem/issues in the production. Example – Every system has three machine indicators: Red (machine breakdown), Yellow (shortage of materials), and Green (process completed for that machine) 3.4 STYLE Style is the leadership approach in the top management and the company’s overall operating approach. Style impacts the norms that the people follow and how they work and interact with each other and the customers. The leadership style depends upon the organization culture that is in practice. Bosch Ltd has participative kind of leadership style where in the leader consult with the subordinate, a proposed action, decision and encourages, ensures equal participation among them. The style adopted by the management is to maintain a friendly and collaborative environment for smooth running of the organization. Bosch Guidelines for Leadership 1. Aim for success: – Profit, growth, quality, customer and process orientation. These are the key metrics with which our corporate objectives are aligned. Regularly communicate these objectives to your associates. Make it clear what each individual can contribute to achieve it. 2. Demonstrate initiative: – Together with your associates, generate new ideas and strategies that make our company stronger. Encourage them to embrace change and take initiative on their own and support them in the implementation. 3. Demonstrate courage: – Stand by your associates. Make clear decisions and demonstrate determination in implementing them. Be a role model and exemplify the Bosch values. 4. Keep your associates informed: – Of course you give your associates factual information. They should also know the business context and background – they are an important prerequisite for identification with the company. 5. Lead by goals: – Delegate tasks and give your associates the authority to perform them. Agree on clear goals and allow sufficient space so that creativity, self-confidence, and accountability can be developed. This enables you to lead your associates to success. 6. Give feedback to your associates: – Recognize the strengths of your associates and help them to utilize and further develop them. Take a close look: praise your people where praise is due, but also give fair and constructive criticism. Mistakes happen on both sides. Be quick and open in addressing them with the associate. 7. Trust your associates: – They are capable and willing to perform. Have the courage to manage with limited control. Your trust will create the entrepreneurial momentum that all of us want. 8. Shift your perspective: – Put yourself in your associates’ position and also look at things from their point of view. How would you react to the decisions you have taken as their supervisor, and what rationale would you expect to hear. 9. Shape the future together: – Your associates can and do contribute to our company. Integrate them into the preparation of decisions and capitalize on the ideas and the potential that the cultural diversity of our company offers. Work together with your associates to transform mere interfaces into connection points, and barriers into opportunities. 10. Develop your associates: – Advise and systematically support your associates in their professional development. Support them if there are suitable opportunities for, or if they desire, further development somewhere else in the company. 3.5 STAFF The staff at Bosch Ltd is considered as a pool of resources to be nurtured, developed, guarded and allocated. There are about 3650 employees in the organization. Permanent employees are 2550, temporary employees are 500, on job trainees are 600. Levels at Bosch Ltd – MANAGEMENT AND SUPERINTENDENT STAFF †¢GM – General Manager †¢DGM – Deputy General Manager †¢Gr.1 – Senior Manager †¢Gr.2 – Manager †¢Gr.3 – Deputy Manager †¢Gr.4 – Assistant Manager †¢Gr.5 – Senior Engineer †¢Gr.6 – Officer †¢Gr.7 – Assistant Officer Managerial And Supervisory Staff (M&Ss) Managerial and Supervisory Staff refers to a salaried professional or an educated worker who performs semi-professional office, administrative and sales co-ordination task. They are board occupational grouping of workers engaged in non-manual labor. Blue Coloured Associates (Bca) A blue collared associate is a member of the working class who typically performs manual labor and earns an hourly wage. Blue collared associates work may be skilled or unskilled and may involve manufacturing, mechanical work, maintenance repair and operations maintenance of technical installations. 3.6 SKILLS There are 6 different skill groups within the skills framework. Community leadership skills, leadership skills, management skills, occupational/technical/ professional skills, core skills, skills for life. The other skills groups are †¢GENERIC SKILLS are those which should be possessed by each and every employee in order to carry out the task successfully. Skills like problem solving, decision making and communication form the basic important generic skills. †¢SPECIFIC SKILLS are those which should be possessed by the employee to carry out his/her assigned specific task. Example: Time management, shop floor management, building teams, leadership and motivation, creativity, industrial safety and environment. BOSCH SKILLS – The employees according to the nature of the jobs posses following skills †¢Functional †¢Quality †¢Information Technologies †¢Behavioural/ Human Relations Managerial 3.7 SHARED VALUES – BOSCH VALUES Bosch Values are those values which are applied and followed by all Executives faithfully. †¢Future and result focus: – In order to ensure dynamic development of our country and to guarantee long term corporate success, we participate in shaping the changes in markets and technologies. †¢Responsibility – We accept that our actions must accord with interests of society. †¢Initiative and determination – We act on our own initiative, with an entrepreneurial but accountable spirit, and demonstrate determination in pursuing our goals. †¢Openness and Trust – We inform our associates, business partners and investors in a timely and open fashion of important development within our company. †¢Fairness – We view mutual fairness as a condition of our corporate success when dealing with each other and with or business partners. †¢Reliability, credibility, and legality – We promise only what we can deliver accept agreements as binding and respect and observe the law in all our business transactions. †¢Cultural diversity – We are aware of our company’s regional and cultural origins and at the same time regard diversity as an asset as well as a precondition of or global success. CHAPTER – 4 SWOT ANALYSIS 4.1 STRENGTHS †¢High customer satisfaction. †¢Established brand image around the world over the centuries. †¢Continuous improvement of products and quality. †¢Employee development given at most important. †¢Cost reduction strategy is good. †¢Good infrastructure facility. †¢Leadership through innovation. †¢High employee morale. †¢Effective decision making, information sharing and authority distribution. †¢Less employee turnover. †¢High quality and eco-friendly products. 4.2 WEAKNESS †¢Experience and skilled employees are not in right position because of ineffective allocation. †¢Decision making will be delayed because of long procedure. †¢In certain situations centralized management is followed. †¢Marketing of products is given less importance. †¢Adaptability towards change is low. †¢No diversification of business. 4.3 OPPORTUNITIES †¢Continuous innovation of products. †¢Bosch can foray into other line of business as it has a good brand image. †¢It can produce new machineries using high technology. †¢Potential to grow in power tools, packaging and security systems. †¢It can produce more economical and eco-friendly products. †¢It helps to compete with other companies †¢Quick cost effective adaptation of product to market requirement of Indian market. 4.4 THREATS †¢Increase in competition. †¢Too many substitute products available in the market. †¢Brand image being diluted due to entering into many products. †¢Growing bargaining power of companies. †¢Continuous cost pressure. 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