How is the technologically mediated behavior driven by the low Essay

How is the technologically mediated behavior driven by the low fidelity public soundscape - canvass ExampleIt is evident from the study that the idea of a public soundscape for instance, has only turn out to be important over the past few centuries, as sealed and enfolded buildings turned out to be more(prenominal) common. Previous to completely enfolded buildings, sound flowed mainly unrestrained from the private ball to the public, and vice versa which destined that, both persons in close proximity to each other experienced an analogous soundscape, despite of whether they occurred to be in the private or public realm. R. Murray Schafer, one of the early pioneers of the study of soundscapes indicates that the rise of life spent mainly indoors gave way to two enduring phenomenon the high art of music, and noise pollution (Neudorf 3). The events of public soundscapes restrain on developing in the current period of mobile phones and moveable music instruments. Nowadays it is possi ble, sure enough general, to build semi- private soundscapes (by way of make use of movable device of music and mobile phones) in public spaces, which highly block soundscapes in public. The idea of soundscape which represents a spatial implication no continuing appears to fit in this circumstance sound experience may be a more worthy word given to the rising disconnect among site and sound recording perception. Second difference can be made among soundscapes in densely inhabited (urban) places and soundscapes in places that argon less impacted by the bodily function of the persons. The density of the sound normally reflects the population compactness of the human being. However, there are numerous exemptions, where in high compactness places, sounds must contendwith each other with the intention to be heard. And also at the same time, sounds originate by human beings and their particular activities normally dominate urban soundscapes, as natural sounds hardly ever adjust to a louder soundscapes by raising their volume. Soundscapes, which are not conquered by activity of the human being, may have more moderate and reasonable, but they are distant (far) from unfilled. Even urban soundscapes which may not provide wealthy and rich environmental habitats frequently consist of impressive sounds.enquiry method employ to conduct the study is the primary research method. Primary research method used to acquire most authentic data directly from respondent. It is include survey method, interview method and Questionnaire Survey. in that location is a certain kind of risk in adopting the word soundscape which has a clear etymological debt to its progenitor landscape that a variety of suggestions from the visual world will also be adopted into the audio realm. Schafer builds the perceptive examination that unlike landscapes soundscapes are concerning various activities and actions, not artifacts. In view of the fact that soundscapes are based on these activities, they are intrinsically unique at any of the specified point in time and space. Schafer suggests that there are two ways to improve the soundscape. The first is to increase sonological competence through and through an education program that attempts to imbue new generations with an appreciation of environmental sound. This he believes will foster a new approach to design - the second way - that will incorporate an appreciation of sound and consequently reduce the wasted energy that noise represents (Wrightson & Gil par. 24). Differentiation between Private and Public Soundscapes A soundscape is a kind of sound or amalgamation of sounds that shapes or occurs from an immersive

Journal week 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal workweek 4 - Assignment ExampleBased on the above perspective, this paper discusses the evolution that marriage has undergone since 1950s, with equally changing functions for men and women in marriages, an aspect that has significantly been influenced by the changing practices in the decades such as TV shows and fashion.The 1950s depicted a decade of changes in families and their modes of operation. Such, was a period after the terminus of World War II and, therefore, time to start up life anew. However, a serious chore arose, as there were numerous images to depict from in determining the kind of family befitted a couple, most curiously from the numerous TV shows and magazines (Lamb, 2011). Media, through its communication aspect, has determined the kinds of families people establish since the 1950s, with women as the main targets. The twenty-first century on its part is the digital age and the magazines, and TV shows play a significant role in determining the kinds of decisions people make in marriages and the roles they play.In the 1950s, women had defined futures of one getting married, having children, and cosmos a good homemaker to the husband and the kids. However, lately, something seems amiss, and the gender roles and attitudes have changed with most women beginning the fight for indecorum (Lamb, 2011). Such an aspect has had a shift with a fundamental alteration towards the establishment of gender comparison for both the women and the men (Berger, 2012). TV shows such as Everybody Loves Raymond in the 1990s, depicts a clear picture of how electric arc family matters have changed over time. In such shows, the man is central in the house, with all the concentrations on him however, a problem the wife in the house who seems to attract attention equal to that of a man. In the previous(prenominal) TV shows, the traditional marriages depicted roles of femininity and masculinity performed conservatively, in which the man leads the home both economically and socially while the woman stays

The Power of Thinking Without Thinking by Gladwell, Malcolm Essay - 1

The Power of Thinking Without Thinking by Gladwell, Malcolm - hear ExampleGladwell talks more or less the storytelling problem which is essentially a concept that tells how humans develop misuse accounts of their choices and attitudes. Humans create stories unconsciously which support their decisions and actions.I do believe that the state of mind an psyche is has a great impact on his/her decision-making skills, and the state of mind is controlled to a large extent by the environment. The authors process as a writer was generally quite fair. I meet with most of the authors points, though I slightly disagree occasionally. What I like about it is that the author has attempted to make the audiences realize the impact of the environment on their decisions that they conventionally consider attack entirely from them. This suggests that selection of the skilful place and the right time are pre-requisites of making a right decision. I find the storytelling problem a little confusing because I personally dont quite agree that humans tend to develop wrong accounts of their ownbehaviors.

Analysis on Team Dynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis on team Dynamics - Essay ExampleSelf managed teams atomic number 18 known to ope assess in a much effective and efficient manner and their productivity levels atomic number 18 even sort of high. This is because when trust is bestowed upon employees, they end up learning at a higher rate and they tend to refuse their mistakes and face issues on their own instead of depending on a manager to correct them in their operations.One of the major benefits that self managed team is that such teams are able to identify new-fashioned ways of causeing or attaining targets. Since, these teams are non being lead or are not being provided with the objective of attaining targets, members of these teams tend to come up with their own ideas of performing a particular patronage which can result in methods that are much effective as well as efficient. A major issue with these teams is that they may end up applying methods to work that may result in sound losses since they implement tr ial and error method to figure out new ways to perform tasks. A major disadvantage of a manager controlled team is that in such teams decisions are mostly made by the managers and a manager who is directing such teams may not get the cadence to work on other important tasks. Mistakes and costs in manager lead teams are quite infrequent as they tend to use methods of operations that have already been tries and tested.Different members in a team are awarded with different roles and these roles contribute to the successful operations of a team. According to Belbins Team Role Theory, a team requires a Monitor Evaluator in order make contributions that are unbiased in nature and to analyze different solutions available to a team with a impersonal mindset (Utley 284). Another role identified is that of an implementer, an implementer is necessary in a self directed team in order to identify a way to implement the strategy that was created by the team. The role of a shaper is even quite necessary in a particular team to ensure that wholly team members are focused on the target at hand

Motives of and challenges for the corporate expansion and emergence Essay

Motives of and challenges for the corporate expansion and emergence - Essay ExampleFor example, Starbucks is one(a) of the big business tycoons in America which throw thousands of outlets across the country. They have coffee shops in each and every corner of America and the competition from the competitors is change magnitude day by day. It is exhausting for them to expand their business in America because of the saturation they have already attained and internationalization of the business seems to be the only option left for them.On the some other yield the intrusion of the corporate companies has made the things worst for the modest scale and medium scale business groups. thumping business tycoons with their immense financial capabilities and innovative business strategies have conquered the markets of the small and medium business groups. It is difficult for the small and medium business entities to fight or compete with the multinational corporate companies and acquirin g aptitude through mergers or achievement is the only way ahead of them to stay in the market.welcoming contrary Direct Investment (FDI) to their country by liberalizing the rules for the foreign Corporate Companys entry into their country. only the cultural adaptation of the business in a foreign country seems to be difficult one for the international companies. Thus expansion and emergence is a difficult task both in domestic help circuit and international circuit. This paper briefly explains the expansion and emergence of companies through mergers and acquisition and strategies and challenges for merger and acquisition process.Mergers and Acquisition is a common phenomenon in international business circuit at present because of the take in global economic recess. Even survival seems to be difficult irrespective of big or small companies. Financial institutions like Lehman Brothers and automobile manufacturers like GM have suffered severe setbacks and they have no other way, but to think in

The Impact of Cause-Related Marketing on Consumer Choices Research Paper

The Impact of Cause- cogitate selling on Consumer Choices - Research Paper ExampleThis research will begin with the definition of Cause Related Marketing. A working definition of CRM is borrowed from Varadarajan Menon. In this regard, Varadarajan and Menon define CRM as the process of formulating and implementing marketing activities that are characterised by an offer from the firm to contribute a specific amount to a designated cause when customers engage in revenue providing exchanges that satisfy boldnessal and individual objectives. In this regard, CRM is a form of business orientated kindliness geared toward profit-motivated giving. CRM is also characterized by symmetrical relations between business schemes/for-profit organizations and non-profit organization on the basis of shared advantages. To this end, the business organization seeks to accomplish an increase in sales and the non-profit organization seeks to obtain an increase in funding. Thus CRM is both a positioning and marketing bill that intentionally connects a business or a brad to a relevant cause or issue for the reach of the business and the social cause or its non-profit promoter. A business firms enthronization in CRM is based on the concept that consumers for the most part will choose a grunge for both expressive and realistic reasons. Therefore a business whitethorn choose CRM as a means of promoting attachment to cross out by tapping into the social and environmental consciousness of consumers to their products. When businesses brands are already experiencing a high level of loyalty to their products and brands, CRM so-and-so be used as brand extensions.... 60). In this regard, CRM is a form of business orientated philanthropy geared toward profit-motivated giving (Varadarajan & Menon, 1988, p. 58). CRM is also characterized by symmetrical relations between business organizations/for-profit organizations and non-profit organization on the basis of shared advantages. To this end, the business organization seeks to obtain an increase in sales and the non-profit organization seeks to obtain an increase in funding (Kahle & Close, 2011). Thus CRM is both a positioning and marketing tool that intentionally connects a business or a brad to a relevant cause or issue for the benefit of the business and the social cause or its non-profit promoter (Pringle & Thompson, 1999, p. 3). A business firms investment in CRM is based on the concept that consumers for the most part will choose a brand for both expressive and practical reasons(Linton, 2005, p. 604). Therefore a business may choose CRM as a means of promoting attachment to brand by tapping into the social and environmental consciousness of consumers to their products. When businesses brands are already experiencing a high level of loyalty to their products and brands, CRM can be used as brand extensions (David, 2000, p. 132). Ultimately, the marketing dodge employed in CRM is to engage the consumers emotions with the result that the consumer is left feeling that by purchasing a specific product, he or she is helping to further social goods (Strahilevitz, 1999). From the perspective of the business organization, there can be two specific benefits. First, in the long term, CRM can provide an advantage in that it may improve the businesss

Practicum Project Methodology and Evaluation Term Paper

Practicum Project Methodology and Evaluation - bourne Paper Examplehave the mental ability to create an implementation plan for purposeful rounding, bedside reporting, and multidisciplinary rounding in order to improve patients experiences and help staff develop their leadership competencies and abilities. In terms of objectives, the learner leading be able to apply nursing theories and relevant research in creating an implementation plan for outflank practices at the end of the practicum project. Secondly, this project is geared towards helping the learner acquire the ability to identify and give way leadership approaches used in managing multidisciplinary groups. At the end of this project, the learner will also have the capacity to apply beat practices in nursing in order to drive performance.For the first objective, I will seek the help of my preceptor and nurse leader in my department to identify beaver practices link to nursing operations that are currently been used in managing the aggroup. I will also oppugn members of the team in regards to which best practices they think are relevant and have achieved positive results. One of the best practice been used to allay purposeful rounding and bedside reporting that I will focus on is open communication. For the second objective, I will work in cahoots with a multidisciplinary team consisting of an array of specialize personnel such as nurses, nurse leaders, and physicians during rounds. I will be an active member of the team in order to virtually identify how the team leader manages the multidisciplinary team. For the third objective, I will have in consideration the identified best practices such as open communication used to facilitate nursing operations as well as leadership approaches identified through observation and encounter them in my nursing practice during this practicum project. To achieve the third objective, I will also be actively engaged during rounding in order to have a practi cal experience on how best practices are implemented in practice.In evaluating my practicum

Building a Coffee Shop Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Building a java Shop - Research Paper pillow slipI have decided to add innovation in the customer services section by building an isolated area in my Coffee Shop where the customers could not only relax only if also study as I would be making study material including newspapers and magazines available for them. In this way, the customers would not only enjoy the coffee of my shop, but will also be impressed by the services thereby exhibiting the high value, which the shop places in them. In todays world, trade is superstar of the most important determinants for a business success. For my Coffee Shop, I would be kick downstairsing a broken but skilful aggroup which would market and advertise my shop extensively at all platforms. Marketing would not only be done through conventional methods much(prenominal) as pamphlets, brochures and newspapers, but innovational day techniques such as Internet advertising would also be employed. Today, social networking websites have stick a significant part of the societys life and my marketing plan intends to utilize this operator by publicizing my shop through it. In order to gain an edge over the competitors, my team would attempt to reach as many people as possible by personally tour the houses in the town and informing people about the new Coffee Shop. As far as the area of Human Resources is concerned, my policy for Human Resources is a very broad one, which completely adheres to the federal and severalize laws pertaining to employment. Though, I would refrain from hiring people of less than eighteen years of age at my shop, however, if ever the deprivation arises, I would ensure that while employing students and teenagers, there is compliance with the child labour regulations and ordinances. Furthermore, to compete with the opposite Coffee Shops, my shop would not only hire a diverse workforce on the basis of caste, colour, gospel truth and race but diversity will also be enforced by hiring people with d isabilities, thereby, enhancing the reputation of my shop in the social circles. At the same time, such measures would also qualify my shop for assess credits. Technology would be utilized by my Coffee Shop to a great extent by making use of computers for maintaining records and conducting other important activities related to the shop. Moreover, in order to remain competitive in the market, I would be providing my customers with the latest Wi-Fi technology in the shop through which they could access internet. It would also crumple a stylish look to my business, in that way, attracting customers and challenging competitors. Therefore, my strategy is quite comprehensive with the rationale to attract my Coffee Shop a successful one which would give tough competition to all the other Coffee Shops in the town (SBA, n.d.). I aim to open my own Coffee Shop rather of buying an existing one as I have always admired the concept of entrepreneurship and valued to be a successful entrepre neur. Establishing my own Coffee Shop would provide me with an opportunity to fulfil my dreams and develop my shop according to my own will. Consequently, this would enable me to bring in my own innovations while constructing the shop such as designing the interior, seating arrangements, isolated studying area, reception centre and other activities related to the general structure of the shop. Moreove

The Domino Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Domino Effect - Essay ExampleThrough increased exports, sure flyer deficit tend to correct itself and bridge the gap. However, what has been observed that in real world is just aboutthing different. It has been observed that currencies of the countries with bombastic deficits adjudge witnessed great hold in the value over the period of time. The apparent reason for this appreciation in currency is the fact that the emergence of new emerging market economies like India, China, Brazil, South Africa etc has witnessed a marked decrease in the overall risk profile of developing countries. This coupled with increased liaison rates saw the strong inflow of tough capital into those countries which increased the overall attraction for the currencies of the countries having life-sized up-to-the-minute compute deficits. The increase in the interest rates has been attributed mainly as the most of the essence(p) factor which attracts contradictory investors and hence increases t he overall attractiveness of the currency and helps stimulate its appreciation in foreign exchange market despite country running a large current account deficit.The source further cited the examples of some countries like New Zealand, Australia, Britain and Iceland, which despite their large and hightail itent current deficits tend to have higher gains in their currencies. Theoretically, it has been argued that there is a relationship amid the two variables however, empirical studies have prove it otherwise as there is actually weak or no relationship between the two variables. These trends in current account financing however seems to be reversing because of the current financial turmoil in the markets. The article further went on to discuss that the same relationship however do not to persist over the sustained period of time and foreign capital inflows tend to dry up hence forcing current account deficits to much higher spreads. Further, the trends seem to hold when forei gn investors investing into the countries with high current account deficits tend to be more risk averse. A slight change in the overall risk appetite of the foreign investors may reverse the relationship and with increased current account deficit, inflationary pressures may further damage the trust of international investors hence virtually reverse the process of current account deficit financing through high interest rates.The above represent shows the relationship between the Current Account Deficit ( dog) and the growth in currency in Australian Markets. This graph very clearly indicates that the relationship between current account deficit and the currency appreciation and shows that as the CAD accumulated so does the exchange rate. Another important characteristic which is depicted in the above graph is the rise of bank credit with the rise in CAD and exchange rates. The higher inflows of foreign investing finally seem to be ending up in the form of local bank deposits.It is as well as important to mention that the article discussed the effect of foreign investment fundss from two perspectives. First is foreign direct investment which is believe to have a less volatile nature and fluctuate less with current account deficit therefore has lesser correlation with the exchange rates. However, the speculative portion of foreign investment, the so called speculative capital, tends to show a relationship with the exchange rates and current account deficit.The below mentioned graph depicts some of the forecasted relationship betw

Identify the Claim 99.9% of Proper Grammar is Obsolete - CS2 Case Study

Identify the Claim 99.9% of Proper Grammar is Obsolete - CS2 - Case Study fountbject-verb agreement, capital letters, etc is still being followed by main stream publications but it is non the case extracurricular of much(prenominal) environments where correct use of grammar has already started decaying. Sentences structured carefully are disappearing on the internet. As users are getting acquainted of each others vocabulary, proper grammar is deteriorating.He recognizes that there is a tendency of feeding customized Internet Speak that is developing among those on the internet. The grammar on formal websites still follows the traditionalistic laid out rules, emails are starting to see a condensed version and instant messaging is redden worse.The reason for this is rooted in the belief that expertise is not a necessity and is a decompose of money and time. He cites the example of existence of many civilizations for centuries. Also proper use of grammar does not run any problem as many cannot read at a collegiate level.The author past goes on to sarcastically criticize such form of writing as saying that he wonders how such messages are legible (Wertheimer, 2002). He says that on examining any message, even be it from a CEO, many well-formed errors can be found. He points out the reason why such messages have been working.In the become few years as the use of internet has increased, users have not only tolerated such exclaim of grammar but encouraged such styles in order reply to messages as soon as they bring it. Need for speed is the reason behind this development. Punctuating and capitalizing is just a loss of time. Hence the need to be fast has lead to this condensing of sentencing and in turn grammar.One of the examples that author gives is the use of g2g which means got to go. The author goes on to explain that languages demand perfectionism by being grammatically correct but this is not the case on the internet. A communications effectiveness is dependent on the speed of the communication. perennial the sentence is slower the process and

International Business and Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Business and Anthropology - Essay ExampleA further development of this notion sheds wanton on the vast applications of anthropology and how the theories, concepts, and knowledge of this discipline can assist the operations of international lineage. Even though, the jointure of international business and anthropology may appear to be a novel concept to the masses, the role of industrial and cultural anthropologists in organizations can be traced back to as early as the 1930s (Hamada 2 Ferraro 10). Ferraro and Andreatta define cultural anthropology as a systematic study of the similarities and differences between cultures on the basis of versatile features and characteristics (10). Accordingly, the research process for cultural anthropology is classified under the categories of basic research and applied research in accordance with the design which governs other subjects of social science (Ferraro and Andreatta 19). Kedia and Willigen state that career opportunities for anthropologists within the context of international business are endless with a special focus on employee development, growth and training prospects (251). A cultural anthropologist can opt for a range of positions within a business organization such as international business consultant, cross-cultural consultant, international economic development worker and an international valet resources manager amongst several others (Ferraro and Andreatta 19). Of utmost importance to international business is applied anthropology which aims to comprehensively prepare and effectively equip practitioners with relevant perspectives, theories and learning of anthropology to ensure that this knowledge is applied for uncovering the solutions to the problems of the real world (Peoples and Bailey 412). Kedia and Willigen let out three key capabilities and proficiencies that anthropologists can promote within an organization to maximize value, these areas are classified as 1) vast scope of know ledge and information about culture and its related concepts, 2) expertise in descriptive anthropology and its application and 3) focused knowledge regarding specific cultures such as the ability to communicate with various groups of individuals (251). plot the first two components that have been identified in the aforementioned discussion are indeed eventful in business operations, the anthropological expertise that is most relevant within the context of international business is a practitioners ability to get wind, examine and communicate with individuals belonging to a variety of cultures. Kedia and Willigen understand the dynamics which have led to the globalization of business and how these observations translate to business activity and organizational performance, for example, strategical actions that are taken to enhance a companys ability to reach its aims, goals, and objectives such as a plan for expansion in another country has several anthropological implications (257 ). In rules of order to successfully expand its operations in another country, an organization must examine the distinct inescapably of its business landscape by employing the services of a cultural anthropologist.

Benchmarking Microarchitecture Using Software Research Paper

Benchmarking Microarchitecture Using Software - Research Paper Example327). These are defined by umpteen parameters much(prenominal) as the instructions set, the instruction encoding and the rules for using these instructions. Some of the rules are mnemonics addressing modes and functionality. The details at this level are invisible to the user. This is known as abstraction. The implementation of MIPS is borne on the platform of cut Instruction Set Computers (RISC). Validation and Verification Validation in transcription design is concerned with the baulk that the goals set are the right ones. This is to enable the proper implementation of the project. Validation is usually done during several(prenominal) unalike stages of development. It is essential at each level because it ensures that the preceding level is valid before performance to the next one. Validation is achieved in different ways. In the micro architecture, use of test inputs and checking on the consequent is the most common way of validation and verifying the system. So, before the development of the I/O functions, an algorithm is utilize to test various features if the microsystem. The benchmark broadcast checks for the validity of many features of the micro architecture and verifies approximately of the features (Patterson, p. 47). Some of these features of the microsystem are illustrated below. The benchmark program utilize generates a quadratic residue from the integer inputs used by the algorithm. This program checks for functionality of different features mostly in computation. This is because it is the most important feature of the design. The instruction that leave behind be fed into the system will penury to be computed consistently. This makes the feature the basis of the design. This computation results in the output of the residue problem used. The program can be altered by using different quadratic residue problems to check for consistency in the system. This is also goo d for checking the range of values that the program can accept as input and compute without crashing. This is vital because then the designers can tell whether the system can accept the range of inputs specified in the requirements. They can also check whether it will need reprogramming. During this kind of testing, sometimes, wrong inputs are put to check how the system will react to them. The system should be able to handle wrong inputs without devastating consequences that will lead to system failure. The users are likely to enroll wrong inputs from time to time and their handling should be factored in the design. The use of an 8-bit feedback register shows that the system has functionality for feedback. Feedback is set forth as the parade where the system uses the output generated from a process as input for the same or a similar process. This is common in scenarios where complex computations are performed. These computations require the output of a process to be used as inpu t. If this value has not been generated correctly, the system is likely to encounter an error. This is another feature, which is check up on by the system. The application of this feedback is handled using a register. There are several other methods used for feedback systems such as logic circuits, but they are all used interchangeably. The program also has an increment functionality. This functionality is used to increase the value in the counter. The counter has many uses in the system, but is mostly utilized in checking the number of times a program performs a certain function. The increment functions increase the value

Discuss using named examples, the use of and applicability of Essay

Discuss using named examples, the use of and applicability of bio-indicator organisms in the environmental assessment of fres - testify ExampleAccording to Durranti, a bio- indicator is defined as a plant or animal species whose presence or absence gives information on the state of a given environment (Chu, Chanb and eats 2005). The Use and Applicability of Various Bio-Indicator Organisms in the Environmental Assessment of Freshwater and Marine Systems There equal several bio-indicators that have been applied to measure the health status of freshwater and marine environments. To begin with, chin up argues that by identifying the attr dynamic of animal species present in a given water body, biologists ar subject to analyze the quality of water in that water body (Chin 2006). For instance, the presence of some carnivore fish species office suggest a higher quality of water compared to a water body dominated primarily by omnivores. A healthy water body supports life for many m icro-organisms that are predated upon by the carnivore fish. For many years, fish have been used to indicate the quality of water bodies. This has been accomplished through determining the kind of fish that live in a given water body, measuring alterations in fish species report card and species proportion (Jackson 2001). Changes in fish length and tropic take can as well be used in determining the health of aquatic environment. ... From the experiment, it was established that samples from the lake had a high number of comets and in general in second and third classes. Thus the results suggested that Lake Igapo is an aquatic environment that was characterized by a high direct of genotoxicity and other pollutants. In Izmir Bay of Mediterranean (in Western Turkey), fish are used to determine the level of water pollution in the sea (Gonenc 1999). Izmir is an industrial and commercial centre. The presence of metals such as mite and zinc in freshwater and marine environments can be indirectly measured using inorganic acids, such as sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid (Turner and Tessier1995). These acids are applied on intestinal specimens of contrary fish species. If the above metals are present, the acids react with the specimens to form oxides. Bonnan notes that some aquatic pollutants might remain active for many years and through several generations. Examples include mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds (Farris, J. et al 1993). Genotoxicity biomarkers can be applied in sentry organisms to enhance the identification and assessment of mutagenic hazards and their sources. One of the most desirable methods of identifying the response of organisms to such contaminants is by use of micronucleus (MN) test. This can be used as an index of the come in genetic damage of cells during the lifespan of an organism. Fish and bivalves have been the main target for such experiments. Gill and haemocyte cells are the commonly used tissues. Due to rising carbon dioxide c oncentration s in the 21 century, the sullenness of sea water has increased as well. Consequently, global temperatures have been driven up, including

Tahiti Tourism IMC Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ta frivol awayi Tourism IMC Plan - Assignment ExampleA viable IMC computer program needs to take into consideration the existing and upcoming competitors (Porter 1980). At present, going by the global stinting meltdown, the Tahitian tourism industry has been hit hard and is facing a slump same(p) situation. With a majority of the holidaymaker arrivals at Tahiti, hailing from the US, the local tourism and leisure industry has proven more and so vulnerable to the recessionary international trends. In the existing scenario, the more affluent and resource rich phaeton destinations be resorting to aggressive and proactive marketing strategies. In addition, the upcoming competitors like the Middle East and Africa are continually increasing their share in the tourism industry by posing a rough competition.The heading segments have already been identified. All the digital and print media efforts are to be oriented nearly young singles, young married couples and post parenthood familie s in the US and France in general and in New Zealand and Australia in particular. The advertising efforts will tend to educate the target customers about the uniqueness of Tahiti in terms of pristine locations, variegated tourist activities, economical accommodation and food and affordability. The advertising campaigns will curiously target the urban customers in Australia. The media campaigns will stress on perceiving leisure as creation a sound and affordable emotional investment rather then being a costly sumptuousness (Ray 1982).The media strategy wil... MEDIA STRATEGY The media strategy will be broad based, involving both the online take like the internet, blogs, emails and podcast and the offline channels like the print media, television, radio, public relations, etc. The strategy will be immaculately profile matched to hit the target segment (Freeman 1999). The crux of the media strategy will be to bolster the image of Tahiti as being a desirable and affordable tourist des tination. The connectivity of the campaign with the target is bound to encourage a exam purchase and an eventual brand loyalty. The campaign will especially focus on the trendsetting areas like the urban markets and state capitals. CREATIVE PLAN The plan is to communicate to the target audience that Tahiti is an excellent tourist destination that is almost immune to the altering economic and political trends (Peckham 1975). An excellent destination, which has something for everybody, regardless of ones age, family status or budgetary constraints. The advertisements will show young, attractive couples and happy, middle class families having a good time at Tahiti. The strategically contrived frames will enable the audience to contrast the positive aspects of Tahiti with the over crowdedness and high prices at other tourist destinations. The sloganTahiti, a home you can always come towill take to Tahiti as an affordable and soothing destination.MEDIA SELECTION RATIONALE Internet is no t only a comparatively low cost media that offers a high selectivity and multiple interactive possibilities, but studies have also shown that the target audience mostly retrieve the desired information and data using the internet (Davenport & Bech 2000). Going by the large

J&S mini supermarket Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

J&S mini supermarket - Research Proposal ExampleTheir main problems lie in the fact that they dont obligate the resources (enough staff) to offer a earnest service to their clients. This means that they have not been able to pay attention to building relationships with their customers.Relationship marketing is defined as a marketing method in which businesses consistently maintain two-way communication with their prospective, current and inactive customers in order to gain a deeper understanding of their needs while delivering personal and compelling marketing passim their lifecycle(Vtrenz,20044). It involves understanding the customers needs as they go through and through their life cycles, and one of its central concepts is customer retention.(Wikipedia, 2005)At J & S, customers argon hard to retain because once they have throwd a bad service, they rarely come back. In order to start building relationships with their clients, this business must get to know them who are their clients, what are their needs.This can be done by several ways. From the basic observation technique (e.g. noticing their obtain patterns) to applying mini surveys while they wait in line to pay. The point is to get to know them better. It is useful to distinguish things likeWith this information, you ... With this information, you might be able to offer valuable services to the clients such as informal parking (and/or parking space for bikes), weekly offers and promotions, etc. The point is to design a scheme that fits the customers lifestyles and needs.Focusing on the customers needsOne of the main things the clients need at this convenient store is to be able to find their products easily. This can be done first, by re-organizing the stores layout so that the access and flow through the locale is easy. Then, by using clear signs in the aisles and throughout the that help the customers find what they need (and their prices). Customers shouldnt life left alone in their task of shopping their groceries. It should be made a pleasurable experience instead of a hassle. Hiring new staff for the purpose of aiding and guiding the customer is the most important carry through to be taken by this convenient store.Their job is to be available to the clients, to have the information near the products, about where they are located, and about new products. They should wear a distinctive uniform, perhaps a frank suggestion is that they wear T-shirts or vests with a legend such as Ask me if you have all questions or Im here to help you.The clerk should salute and ask the client Did you find all that you were flavor for before they pay, and thank them for shopping there before they leave the store. All these little details count. They leave make the customer feel special and it is likely that he/she will return because the service was good and focused on the client.In the store, machines to verify the price should be available at the end of to each one aisle, and a person should be responsible for checking the aisles for missing prices tags, and misplaced products.Extra

Literature Survey on Advanced Aircraft Materials Essay

Literature Survey on Advanced Aircraft Materials - Essay ExampleThe latter showed that the causes of the accident were metal fatigue. Experts happened multiple fatigue cracks in railway linecraft structure /Fildey, 1990/.Numerous site fatigue damage, which resulted in structural failure, were detected in the process of investigation. The investigation, conducted by the National Transportation Safety Board explained the accident by the inability of the operators maintenance program to detect corrosion damage /Miller, 1990 /.One of the possible interpretations of the problem was the function of lap joints to bond large panels of scramble to one another. These lap points used to run longitudinally along the fuselage. It was supposed that there should be no problem of fatigue cracking due to the strong connection among the overlapping panels. Similar aircraft, which underwent thorough inspection, besides showed disbonding, corrosion and cracking problems in the lap joints /Miller, 1 990 /.Faying surfaces were torn separately in the course of the pillowing, which happened in the result of corrosion processes combined with the subsequent build-up of voluminous corrosion products inside the lap joints / Komorowski, 1996/.So, the main cause of the Boeing 737 air crush was defined structural failure fatigue. This type pf failure is sometimes called metal fatigue, however, this is not precise as even plastic parts can undergo cyclic make full. Cyclic loading of a piece of metal or plastic first of all results in cracks, which further come and expand. This in its turn leads to fracture /Pizzo, 1995 /.The next problem of main aircraft materials is corrosion, which happens in steel, aluminum and titanium. Except of the swinish corrosion, which is particularly common to steel equipment, there also exists another type of corrosion, which is more subtle barely not less dangerous /Pizzo, 1995 /.One of the most dangerous parts of corrosion is the one occurring in mated, moving parts. This results in

Morality and Utilitarianism Essay Example for Free

Morality and Utilitarianism EssayUtilitarianism is an ethical scheme that holds that an military execution is right if it produces, or if it tends to produce, the greatest amount of bang-up for the greatest number of people affected by the action. Otherwise the action is wrong.This cost-benefit analysis is a form of public utility company calculation. People in business theory use utility curves to plot the results of dissimilar actions, choosing those that maximize whatever it is that they wish to achieve.This utility approach is non foreign to most people. It is widely used in many forms of general decision making and lav be applied to virtuous issues as thoroughly as to strictly business issues. A demurral of utilitarianism as an ethical theory is that it describes what rational people actually do in making example decisions. It explicitly formulates for them the procedures they intuitively and spontaneously use in moral reasoning. The theory renders explicit what is implicit in the ordinary moral reasoning and argumentation that we ourselves useUtilitarianism adopts a teleological approach to ethics and claims that actions are to be judged by their consequences. According to this view, actions are not good or liberal in themselves. Actions recurrence on moral prise only when considered in conjunction with the effects that follow upon them.Act utilitarianism holds that to apiece one individual action, in all its concreteness and in all its detail, is what should be subjected to the utilitarian test.Rule utilitarians hold that utility applies appropriately to classes of actions rather than to given individual actions. Thus, by looking at the general consequences of breaking contracts in the past, we corporation determine that breaking contracts is immoral.One objection claims that utilitarianism is ungodly because it proposes utility, rather than the Bible or God, as a basis for moral judgments.A second objection frequently brought agai nst utilitarianism is that no one has the m to calculate all the consequences of an action beforehand.A third objection to utilitarianism is that we cannot know the full results of any action, nor can we accurately weigh the different considerates of good and evil that result. The calculation is artificial and not practical.1.Accurately state the action to be evaluated. 2.Identify all those who are directly and indirectly affected by the action. 3.Consider whether there is some dominant, limpid consideration that carries such importance as to outweigh other considerations. 4.Specify all the pertinent good and bad consequences of the action for those directly affected, as far into the future as appears appropriate, and imaginatively consider various practicable outcomes and the likelihood of their occurring.5.Weigh the total good results against the total bad results, considering quantity, duration, propinquity or remoteness, fecundity, and purity for each value (kind of good and kind of bad), and the relative importance of these values. 6.Carry out a similar analysis, if necessary, for those indirectly affected, as well as for society as a whole. 7.Sum up all the good and bad consequences. If the action produces much good than bad, the action is morally right if it produces more bad than good, it is morally wrong. 8.Consider, imaginatively, whether there are various alternatives other than simply doing or not doing the action, and carry out a similar analysis for each of the other alternative actions. 9.Compare the results of the various actions. The action that produces the most good (or the least bad, if none produces more good than bad) among those available is the morally proper action to performBribery in business is an interesting kind of action to examine from a utilitarian point of view, because those who engage in bribery frequently guarantee their actions based on something similar to utilitarian grounds.Utilitarianism, far from being a self-se rving approach to moral issues, demands careful, objective, and impartial evaluation of consequences. It is a widely usedbut often misusedapproach to moral evaluation. A powerful tool of moral reasoning, it is a technique well worth mastering.An Airplane Manufacturing theatrical role An airplane manufacturer has spent a great deal of money developing a sunrise(prenominal) airplane. The company badly needs cash because it is financially overextended. If it does not get some large orders soon, it result have to close down part of its operation. Doing that will put several thousand workers out of jobs. The chair of the company bribes a foreign minister to insure the purchase of the planes, arguing that the good done overall justifies the use of bribery.

Plato’s The Republic Essay Example for Free

Platos The Republic EssayAll philosophers write approximately something to address a powericular issue which they feel need to be addressed. The same is true in Platos The Republic. Considering the policy- fashioning and social situation during 360 B.C.E, Plato was refer about the deteriorating condition of Greece. To be more particular, he was extremely concerned about the fate of his teacher, Socrates.Socrates was tried, and subsequently sentenced to death, for a crime that he did non commit. Plato was exchange adequately apprehensive about the case-by-caseist philosophy advocated by a famous group of philosophers called Sophists. For the Sophists, the standard of what is good or sin depended on man alone without regard for the universal concepts of morality and honour adequate to(p)ice.The individualist philosophy of the Sophists has affected the morals of the Greeks, to wit Sophistic teaching of the ethics of self-satisfaction resulted in the excessive individuali sm overly generate the citizens to capture the office of the State for their own selfish purpose and eventually divided Athens in to two hostile camps of rich and poor, oppressor and oppressed. Evidently, these two factors amateur needlesomeness and excessive individualism became main targets of Platos attack. (Bhandari 2)Plato found a solution to free the society from the individualist philosophy of the Sophists. This can be found in his maintain The Republic where Plato, speaking through his teacher Socrates, discussed the concepts of a just asseverate and a just individual. concord to Plato, Justice is the minding of ones own business and not meddling with other mens concerns (Book 4, The Republic). He also said that Justice is Harmony. (Book 4, The Republic) In the same manner, there is injustice when a individual does not mind his own business or minds other persons business. There is also injustice when there is discord and dis consonance.In explaining the concept of Jus tice, Plato made two (2) analogies his analogy on the split of the dry land and the structure of the psyche. He argued that justice may exist not just in the state but also in the individual and that there is a relationship between a just state and a just individual.Plato argues that the state is formed because no individual is self sufficient. He require the help of other members of the society to perform some function of which he has no knowledge or expertise. The hold opend existence of the society is dependent upon the individuals who specialize in the performance of certain affairs of the state. Plato and then divided the state into three types of peck the workers, soldiers and the getrs each of which performs a particular function for the good of the self-colored society. According to Kemerling, the orderly functioning of the state will depend on the separation of functions and the specialization of their individual tasks. (Kemerling, p. 1).For example, the workers b e those surpass suited to perform a particular labor for example the farmers, builders, weavers and laborers. The soldiers are those nation who are take up suited to fight and defend the state against its aggressors. The rulers on the other hand are those who possess wisdom and have the capacity to rule. Plato considered that in an Ideal State each of these three kinds of people limit themselves to the performance of their functions. A person who has the skill of a farmer should not be allowed to crest the state otherwise anarchy will result within the state. An intellectual who is born to lead does not have the skill to build houses for the state.A person who has the skill in combat cannot be allowed to read laws for the state. In addition, a just state is when each of the correct possesses certain virtue the workings class possesses the virtue of temperance, the soldiers possess courage and the rulers possess wisdom. Thus, according to Plato, And a State was cerebration by us to be just when the three classes in the State severally did their own business and also thought to be temperate and valiant and wise by reason of certain other affections and qualities of these same classes? adept may ask, who is a just man for Plato? Platos concept of a just man is similar to his concept of a just state because essentially the same three divisions which exist in the state also exist in the individual. If the society is divided into three (3) classes of persons, a persons sense is in any case divided into three categories. Plato made this analogy because he also believed that that the three part of the human beings soul corresponds to the three classes of persons in the state.If it is better for a state that those who possess skill in manual of arms labor to work and for those who possess skill in fighting to defend the state and for the intellectuals to lead the state, it is also better for the individual to control the desires of the other parts of the so ul.If the society is divided into three groups of people, the soul is likewise divided into three parts, the appetitive, the naughty and the rational. The appetitive is the part that hungers for creationly pleasures and wants and feels many things. It is the part of the soul that yearns for wealth, spring and material pleasures.Thus, the craving to eat burgers despite its hazards to health is a sign that a person gives in to the desires of the appetitive soul. A person who decides to cut class to watch a movie or to fit games also gives in to the appetitive soul. For Plato, the goal of an individual is to develop the virtue of temperance and self-control.The spirited soul is the part of the soul that aims to carry out the dictates of reason. It is the execution of whatever the intellect has determined to be the best for the person. When a manager despite knowing that an employee is causing problems to the company because of his lack of professionalism fails to make the decision of terminating him, his spirited soul is considered weak. For Plato, it is important for an individual to develop courage so that this part of the soul is controlled.The rational part is the thinking part which has the capacity to determine what is real and what are illusions or what is true and what is false or what should be done and what should not be done. The rational part is also the part of the soul which makes the equilibrize decisions the purpose of which is the protection of its own interest and welfare. When a person until now could not decide whom to right to vote for president of the United States, he is deemed to lack the rational soul. When a person until could not decide whether to continue going to college, then his rational soul is weak.If justice in the state is to be reach by the three classes of individuals each performing their own function, justice in the individual person is to be attained by having temperance, courage, and wisdom. (Jostein Gaarder, Sophie s World, p.72) A person must have temperance and he is expected to be able to control his desire for worldly pleasures. A person must also be able to distinguish between pleasures of the flesh and pleasures of the spirit. The former is short-lived while the latter is eternal. A person is also expected to have courage. He must be able to take action and stand by his actions no matter how difficult it may be. He must be able to take the risk. A person must also develop wisdom so that he may know what is best for himself.According to Plato, justice can only be attained if every part of the soul is working in harmony with each other. A persons desire for wealth should not veil his judgment. A managers friendly relationship with a colleague should not hinder him from making the right decision. A just man is therefore someone who can control the worldly pleasures and is able to discipline himself such that he does not submit himself to the wishes of his appetitive soul.Plato thus advocat ed self-mastery and discipline. In controlling the appetitive soul, the rational soul is expected to ally with the spirited soul. A person is also expected to be able to execute his decision. He may have all the knowledge and wisdom in the world but if he cannot apply his knowledge to the practical world, then the person is also committing an injustice.In the end, the virtue or the injustness of an individual will be determined based on how each of the different parts of the soul is able to relate with each other. Thus Plato states that It will be the business of reason to rule with wisdom and forethought on behalf of the entire soul while the spirited element ought to act as its subordinate ally. The two will be brought into accord, as we said earlier, by that combination of mental and natural training which will tune up one string of the instrument and relax the other, nourishing the logical thinking part on the study of noble literature and allaying the others wildness by harmo ny and rhythm. (Book 4, The Republic)

I Forget That I Have Alzheimer’s disease Essay Example for Free

I Forget That I nonplus Alzheimers indisposition EssayAlzheimers disease is a familiar sight to me. I had a bittersweet experience during my work as a nurse in my country Colombia and Spain with Alzheimer disease patients. Day by day I came to know each patients story because every day they were active the moment without remember the last minute. This is in any case what happened to Lisa Genovas novel Still Alice. The protagonists is a 50 division old woman, a very well organized, efficient, highly-educated, and smart Harvard professor, wife of a successful man, and the mother of lead grown children, who has diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimers disease. People moderate learned about the progression of Alices disease by her reactions, so feeling what she feels- a slowly building terror, the behaviorsize changes with her family, schoolmaster life, and her identity, but we also have started to comprehend how Alice abide bys positive thoughts in all this, she started t o fuck more of her family, she also began to take more succession for her, about how she can remember the things without help. When a patient is diagnosed with Alzheimers disease, the relation between the patient and his/her family suffers big changes.With Alice, is the negative vistas start when she becomes dependent on her family members and in need of certain fearfulness. The impact on Alices home is visible in the new habits, routines, roles and functions within the family dynamics. All of her family members suffer as a blank out alone of the disease to a lesser or greater extent. Her husbands life is affected because he has less time to do his work and other activities, as he needs to take c ar of her. He also loses his patience because Alice behaves out of the ordinary, and that can become annoying in some ways.An example, when Alice forgets her mobile phone phone at home and he said Then duct tape it to your head, I have ont care, Im not going through this every time y ou forget youre supposed to show up somewhere. (Genova 99). On the other hand, her children feel anxiety, fear, and rejection with regard what is happening with their mother. All the members of her family in some way compliments to take care of her. While helping her looks like an obligation, the positive aspect is that Alice has more attention from her husband and children.She and her husband try to renew their affection to each other. Her husband and children are supporting her at some moments, especially the youngest daughter, who feels love, compassion, and empathy for her mother. The second important aspect of Alice is life that is affected her original life as an important professor. Today, I have the honor of introducing you to our first colloquium speaker of the year. Dr. Alice Howland is the eminent William pack Professor of Psychology at Harvard University. (Genova 9).In spite of her achievements and all the important and recognized things about her profession, the c areer is coming to an end. She gradually loses the ability to follow a conversation thread, the story line of a book, or to recall information she heard just moment before. She is losing her respect of her students because they cannot trust in someone who is sick. She is inefficient to do the work because every day she loses the capacity to remember everything she needs to know at the moment. She loses prestige because she cannot represent any more in her life as a professional.The positive point is that she cannot want to give up all years of work in a second. She wants to be a back up at any moment by any person who needs her. She holds to attend meetings and seminars. She is trying to leave a positive impression on each person who has met her. The third and the most important aspect with Alice and her Alzheimers disease is a big change in her identity. At the beginning she is angry and grim with herself because she is forgetting everything that she needs to remember every day , such as a dewy-eyed and common word.Her emotional changes also affect her relationships with others and her own feelings, because she has a negative behavior with others when she yells or says a word of anger. I designate is the way how she shows that she is trying to avoid what is happening in her life with an incurable disease that changes the direction of her life. She feels licking about her memory problems because gradually she has a restriction of freedom that means she loses privacy and independence in each activity she wants to do.We cannot imagine what she is feeling when she is losing everything she learned, all the way back to basic activities such as the skill to walk, eat, or even use the bathroom. Alice feels frustrated about what she is living, because it is a way to say she is stigmatized with this disease as though she were already dead. On the other hand, and in a positive way, she begins to enjoy her life when she shares more time with her family. She feels c uriosity about a future of her children and grandchild, and then she wants to live to enjoy everything, notwithstanding she would be incapable of remembering and executing this kind of plan. (Genova 118). She creates a simple test and games to remember simple things of her life, and she can self-administer every day. She also tries to create a support group with people who have the kindred conditions as her, sharing experiences and to know that she does not alone in all this. This is a story where a woman forgets that have Alzheimers disease because she continues to do her life normally, she forgets that the things that she makes normally, now she does not make.Alice can find in her husband and children some way of support of each one of them, and then she can understand the positive things about her disease. The surprising is how the Alzheimers disease can advance very quickly, as affect relationships, families, professional jobs, and the identities of each patient. Unfortunately , this is a progressive, degenerative disease with no cure. It gets worse, despite any medication we have right on now. (Genova 245). This is a sad end for each person who had a wonderful and successful life.In my experience, I only knew and lived with my patients their final phase of the disease. I also admire anyone going through this disease, their family, friends, those who care for them and those who continue to research for this cause. The hope is the patients and the people who live around them can find the positive aspects during the disease, they can enjoy more time together and help each patient try to find a approximate way to endure their disease. Work Cited Genova, Lisa. Still Alice. New York, London, Toronto, and Sydney Gallery Books, 2009.

Ethical Leadership in the 21st Century Essay Example for Free

Ethical Leadership in the twenty-first Century Es rangeLeadership is a critical component of the organizations market-gardening as attracters squeeze out create, maintain, or change culture. Thus, leading is significant to establishing an respectablely oriented culture. The idea that somatic leaders ar accountable for organizational ethics is not a new one. In 1938, management theorist Chester I. Barnard depict the executives routine in forming morals for others in his book The Functions of the Executive.Barnard suggested that the purpose of developing organizational morals is a manifestive characteristic of executive work going far beyond the moral ch every last(predicate)enges faced by individuals usually. Besides superior technical skills, a high capability for indebtedness, and an intricate personal morality, this t hire requires moral ingenuity in defining an organizations code of ethics and instilling the basic attitudes that support it.According to a report fr om the Business Roundtable, a meeting of senior executives from major American corporations, leadership is crucial to organizational ethics. To achieve results, the Chief Executive Officer and those around the CEO need to be explicitly and powerfully committed to ethical conduct, and give constant leadership in tending and mending the values of the organization. (Business Roundtable, 1988). In surveys of practicing managers, honesty and competence appear as the roughly important qualities identified as essential to goodish leadership (Barry Z. Posner and William H. Schmidt, 1992, 33).This view was echoed by Vin Sarni, former CEO of PPG Industries, a large multinational firm, in a 1992 speech to Penn State personal line of credit school students. Sarni said that the title CEO stands for Chief Ethics Officer, a statement that recognizes how important it is for the organizations leader to set the firms ethical standards (Trevino and Nelson, 1995). If the organizations leaders seem to care exactly concerning the short- strike bottom line, employees rapidly get that message too.John G. Rangos, Sr. , the founder of Chambers Development Co. a waste management firm, demanded bottom-line results. When executives report to him in 1990 that profits would fall short of projections, he is quoted to curb said, Go find the rest of it. And so they did, until an outside audit in 1992 found that the company had erroneously reported strong profits in every year since 1985, though it was losing money all the time. Former employees say that, in the pursuit of growth, influenced numbers were tolerated, or perhaps even encouraged. unity former employee who found discrepancies in 1988 was told, This is how the game is played. (Trevino and Nelson, 1995)Leaders symbolize significant others in the organizational lives of employees, with considerable power qua behavior role models or s incriminate power, in the meaning of existence able to force others to carry out ones bear go forth. Leaders example and decisions affect not simply the employees who report to them, but also the stockholders, suppliers, customers, the community, the country, and even the world. Considerations of the ethical component in day-to-day decisions will set the tincture for others who interrelate with the company.Thus, the image of the short letter leader will affect how others choose to deal with the company and will have continuing effects, as all managers and employees look to the highest level for their cues as to what is suitable. Top executives must live up to the ethical standards they are espousing and imply ethical behaviors in others. Leadership can make a difference in forming an ethical or wrong organizational culture. Work on ethical and unethical charismatic leaders also highlights the logical implication of the leader in the ethics equation.More particularly, charismatic leaders can be very in force(p) leaders, yet they can vary in their ethical standards. S uch differences determine the degree to which an organization builds an ethically oriented culture, the types of values followers will be exposed to, and the role models with whom employees will have their near direct personal contact (Howell and Avolino, 1992, 43-54). One way to pull together the contributions concerning how organizational culture is shape and reinforced by leadership style is to understand organizational culture as ethical climate.One could also ask to what extent the moral maturity of organizational cultures or climates, controlling reference group types, or dominating ethics types are interdependent or interacting with leadership styles. One could also ask if unethical leadership styles encourage an unethical climate or vice versa, if the effect of unethical leadership is reinforced or counteracted by the organizations ethical climate. Ethical dilemmas will frequently result in unethical behavior if an organizations leadership furthers an immature, indistinct, or negative ethical climate.Such unethical behavior is, of course, not only furthered by an unethical climate, but also reproduces such an ethical climate, in a system feedback fashion, being contagious and self-reinforcing (or perhaps infuriating internal or external counter reactions). In such instances, an organizations culture predisposes its members to perform unethically. Kent Druyvesteyn, former staff vice president, ethics, General Dynamics Corporation, made a similar prognosticate concerning leaders as ethical role models. People in leadership need toset the tone by instance of their own conduct. We could have had all the workshops in the world.We could have even had Jesus and Moses and Mohamed and Buddha experience and speak at our workshops. But, if after all of that, someone in a leadership position past behaved in a means which was differing to the standards that instance of misbehavior by a person in a leadership position would teach more than all the experts in th e world (Trevino and Nelson, 1995). Clearly, the teaching of an ethical corporal culture depends on the tone set at the top. The earliest and most continuing normative facial expression has underlined the responsibilities of business corporations to those affected by a companys decisions and policies.From the beginning, it has been felt that business has fiduciary duties and compulsions of performance that extend beyond the companys statutory boundaries and economic goals. This view is identical to declaring that those who own the company should run it, or hire superior managers to run it, with an eye to the sakis of others as well as their own. Therefore, business owners and managers are said to have a range of neighborly responsibilities additionally to being responsible for the normal economic functions that one expects to find in a well-organized and well-run firm (Shaw, W.H. Barry, V. 2004). To maintain and diminish this perspective, its advocates have drawn on various economic, political, ideological, and socio cultural sources, though rarely acknowledging them as such. The business mind easily transmogrified this hoary maxim into the corporate context by adopting for executives the mantle of steward of the public interest, trustee of business resources, and corporate statesman anticipated to manifest a broad social vision, while not refuting their companys economic purpose and objectives (nor, it might be added, did it disturb their power).For the most part, these attributions of moral peerage were what might be called self-coronations or simple declaration, since no visible public filling process had elevated these corporate worthies to such vaunted peaks of public influence and function. Thus capable with self-anointed, regal-like responsibilities, corporate executives all over were advocated to adopt an tiro self-interest perspective in approaching business decisions and originating corporate policies.To act other than was to risk serious inroads on business-as-usual. As the Committee for Economic Development put it, The policy of enlightened self-interest is also based on the intention that if business does not accept a pretty measure of responsibility for social improvement, the interests of the corporation might actually be jeopardized. . . . By acting on its own initiative, management preserves the flexibility needed to conduct the companys affairs in a positive, efficient, and adaptive manner. The report averred that looking beyond todays bottom line would pay off in the enormous run by reducing social costs, dampening radical antibusiness protest, and attenuation the likelihood of government intervention into business affairs. certainly, the stability and public acceptance of business itself were said to be at risk Indiscriminate electric resistance to social change by business not simply jeopardizes the interest of the single corporation, but also affects negatively the interest all corporations have in ma intaining a climate conducive to the effective functioning of the entire business system. (Frank Abrams, 1951, p. 33).Theorists have, generally, identified four broad areas of corporate responsibility economic, legal, moral, and social. The major premise of the four areas is found in the basic nature of the corporation, which is a surreptitiously based, economic entity with jural standing, whose members are expected to make decisions that will have a noteworthy impact on a number of constituents (Brummer, 1991). Thinkers and researchers do not forever and a day agree that a corporation has all four responsibilities.Some do not consider that corporations have a moral responsibility others accept that moral and social responsibilities come after economic and legal ones. The economic responsibilities of corporations have been distinct in many ways. Milton Freidman, for instance, states that the economic responsibility of a firm is distinct by the corporate intervening goal. To him, a corporate overriding goal is maximum returns to investors.As long as a corporation works on the way to achieving this goal, it is deemed economically responsible (Freidman, 1970). Based on the same philosophy, Manne (Manne and Wallich, 1972) signals that the intervening goal of the corporation is to maximize shareholders profits. In the majority of instances, maximizing investors returns would lead to goal profits, and vice versa. Herbert Simon, on the other hand, disagrees with the perception of profit maximization and strongly argues for profit satisfying. He contends that because executives should respond to a number of other objectives, factors, and constraints, and must do so in the framework of what he calls leap rationality, they in fact seek to reach a mere satisfactory level of profit. Whether maximization or satisfying, economic responsibility proponents consider that the number one responsibility of businesses is, first, its shareholders, and then other constituents. However, the dilemma concerning the turn of harmonizing the firms economic association with its social orientation still lingers.A step in the direction of rilievo the confusion was taken while an inclusive definition of corporate social responsibility (CSR) was developed. A four-part conceptualisation of CSR integrated the idea that the corporation has not only economic and legal responsibilities but ethical and openhearted responsibilities as well (Carroll, 1979). The major point here is that for social responsibility to be established as legitimate, it had to address the entire spectrum of compulsions that business has to society, including the most elemental economic.Organizational responsiveness to social needs had its innovation when early industrialists reacted to the social problem that industrialization was seen to have caused. Early on, economists as well as philosophers began to argue regarding the role of business in society and regarding what responsibility busines s has to society. Later, social theorists for instance Bell (1976), Bellah (Bellah et al. , 1985), and Wolfe (1989) go along the debate and raised it to a higher level of concept.They were not just concerned about the responsibility of the corporation as a social body but even more concerned concerning how the corporate revolution has altered social life. A recent evaluation of the literature recognizes no less than nine-spot meanings for social accountability. The nine meanings were categorized by Sethi (1997) into three categories social obligation, social reaction, as well as social responsiveness. Social obligation entails that a corporation engages in communally responsible behavior when it follows a profit within the constraints of law as forced by society.Consequently legal behavior in pursuit of profit is a communally responsible behavior, and any behavior not legal is socially negligent. Proponents of social responsibility as social compulsion offer four primary arguments to support their views first, they protect that corporations are accountable to their shareholders. Consequently, managers have the responsibility to manage the corporation in a way that would figure out owners interests. Second, socially responsible projects such as social improvement programs must be determined by law and left to the contributions of private individuals.Consequently, the government, through legislation, is best equipped to determine the nature of social development programs and to comprehend social enhancements in society. Businesses contribute in this regard by paying taxes to the government that justly determines how they should be allocated. Third, it is a violation of management contract to give out corporate profits for social improvement programs. These actions amount to taxation without representation, according to Friedman (1970).Management is taxing the shareholders by expenditure their money on activities, which does not contribute directly to maximi zing shareholders interests. Additionally, because managers are not elected public officials, they are winning actions that affect society without being accountable to society. Fourth, many people who subscribe to this school of thought believe that social programs financed by corporate managers might work to the disadvantage of society. In this sense, financial costs of social activities can, eventually, cause the price of the companys goods and services to increase, and customers would pay the bill.

Olivio Assignment Business Law Essay Example for Free

Olivio Assignment Business Law EssayAfter training the above and based on the definition of larceny in the text, is if fair to convict a soul for larceny if he did not leave the premises without paying for the quality in his possession? Does heart to deprive have anything to do with the outcome of a case of larceny? What do you think? Also, should the penalty for larceny vary, depending on where the individual is caught or the sawbuck value of the good taken? Explain agree to NYS penal law (155. 05), A someone steals position and commits larceny when, with intent to deprive another of property or to appropriate the same to himself or to a third person, he wrongfully takes, obtains or withholds much(prenominal) property from an owner thereof. So I believe it is fair to convict a person for larceny even if he or she did not actually leave the premises without paying for the property in his or her possession.In the case of Olivio, the story clearly stated that he stopped t o cipher around several times, which confirms that his motive was indeed to steal the merchandise- the story also stated that he ran in effect(p) past the cash registers in order to make an exit with the merchandise which further confirms that he think to take the merchandise without paying. Which shows intent to deprive..I believe the penalty for larceny should vary depending on the dollar value of the merchandise that was taken- I however do not think that the penalty should vary harmonize to where the individual is caught. Where the individual is caught is irrelevant- what matters is retrieving the merchandise and or property that was stolen and punishing the person who stole it.

An Examination of General and Specific Motivational Mechanisms Essay Example for Free

An Examination of General and Specific Motivational Mechanisms EssayLuc G. Pelletier and Stphanie C. Dions report authorize An Examination of General and Specific Motivational Mechanisms for the Relations Between Body Dissatisfaction and give Behaviors charges to examine the kind of clay dissatisfaction with take in behaviors through a study of the diametric models of edict of alimentation behaviors used by women.The study mainly uses the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as a framework for examination of socio-cultural pressures and the thin-ideal as factors for dead tree trunk dissatisfaction and, in turn, automobile trunk dissatisfaction as a cause of consume-related problems like binge eating, dietary restraint, and bulimia. Lastly, the study withal looks at two different aims of motivation to explain the discriminations in the responses of women to socio-cultural pressures regarding body image, which lead to a difference in eating patterns. These two ar the g eneral self-determination or a sense of self-determination toward ones manners and self-determination towards eating.Negative body image and its causes and stamps fix been the subject of galore(postnominal) studies during the sometime(prenominal) decade. Due to its popularity as a topic for research, many of its findings ar well-known and accepted by connection at present. Among these atomic number 18 the role of media, peers, family, puberty and others in reinforcing the thin ideal, the relationship of womens perceived discrepancies amongst their body ideal and body image with their satisfaction with their own body and the effect of prejudicious body images to womens eating habits.However, a review of the existing literature intimately body image reveals many interesting and sometimes unexpected findings. The first among these is the main basis of this study, which is self-determination. Deci and Ryans Self-Determination Theory shows that the level of womens general se lf-determination in life whitethorn serve as a plate against the effect of the pressure exerted by society for women to be thin. This is interesting because this will show how body-image give nonice be approached as a cyclical issue when joined with the findings on how positive body image can lead to confidence then to a positive self-determination.Second, body image may gestate an effect on many positive qualities such as attractiveness, success and intelligence. This shows attractiveness as much than estimable a fixed variable. It is not merely affected by the physical attri moreoveres one is born with, but also by how one feels around these physical attributes. Moreover, it emphasizes the gravity of the consequences that either a positive or negative body image may cause. Its affects can extend onto many non-physical aspects of a somebodys life. In fact, another research shows that pressures from society to be thin can change individual sum beliefs as regards the import ance of physical appearance compared with other values.Another interesting finding is that body dissatisfaction may be addressed by either self-reinforcement or by aiming to change ones appearance. slew are more familiar with the second approach, which includes exercising and dieting. However, it is interesting to find that grooming and other forms of self-reinforcement are also used. While these forms of self-reinforcement may pitch been admitted to be used by people to enhance their self-image, it is not easily identifiable to have a direct correlation to body image. Moreover, this type approach shows a more positive and less destructive way of addressing issues on body image. Seven hypotheses were tested in the research. They are stated in the article as follows. First, general self-determination will be negatively associated with both socio-cultural pressures about body image and the endorsement of societys beliefs about delicacy and corpulency. Second, socio-cultural pressu res should be positively linked to the endorsement of societys beliefs, which, in turn, will positively predict body dissatisfaction. Third, although body dissatisfaction is expected to positively predict both an supreme and a controlled form of polity of eating behaviors, it should lead mainly to a controlled regulation of eating.Fourth, the sovereign form of regulation of eating will be positively associated with healthful eating behaviors, whereas the controlled form of regulation will be positively associated with dysfunctional eating behaviors. Fifth, general self-determination should be positively associated with the autonomous form of regulation and negatively associated with the controlled form of regulation. Sixth, the autonomous regulation of eating behaviors will be positively associated with healthy eating behaviors and negatively associated with bulimic symptoms, whereas the controlled regulation of eating behaviors will be positively associated with dysfunctional eating and negatively associated with healthy eating behaviors.Finally, healthy eating behaviors should positively predict psychological limiting, whereas dysfunctional eating should negatively predict psychological adjustment. These hypotheses aim to test the relationship of general self-determination, body image, body dissatisfaction, forms of regulation of eating behaviors, eating habits and psychological adjustment among each other.Methodology The study was done on 447 female students, ages 16 to 54 from two universitiesthe University of capital of Canada and the Carleton University. Of these students 78.2% are taking undergraduate degrees from the University of Ottawa, 20% are graduate students from the same university, while the remaining 1.2% are enrolled at Carleton University. The researchers succeeded several scales and indexes to test its hypotheses. Enumerated in the study are the General Motivation master (GMS), Teasing Assessment Scale, Body Dissatisfaction Subscale (EDI-BD), Regulation of Eating Behaviors Scale (REBS), Healthy Eating Habits Scale, Dysfunctional Eating (BULIT-R), Psychological Adjustment Index (PAI), Depressed Mood Scale (CES-D), Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and the Satisfaction with feel Scale (SWLS).The tests are composed of statements and questions, which the respondents assess using a Likert scale with around five to 7 points for rating. The scales are usually divided in several subscales with equal number of items based on the reputation of the hypothesis being tested. They have been previously used in other studies and their reliability and validity have been tested.Results and DiscussionThe study was able to prove all six hypotheses. These hypotheses will be discussed in deuce-ace free radicals. These groups are general self-determination and determinants of body dissatisfaction, general self-determination and forms of regulation of eating behaviors and consequences of the forms of regulation of eating behaviors on psyc hological adjustment. The last group will be divided into the standstill of autonomous and controlled eating regulation to healthy and dysfunctional eating habits and the relationship of eating behaviors with psychological adjustment.The first discussion group pertains to the first and second hypotheses. Findings show that general self-determination has a positive association with autonomous regulation of eating behaviors, while it has a negative association with controlled regulation of eating. In relation to this, general self-determination has a negative relation with socio-cultural pressures about body image and the endorsement of societys beliefs about thinness and obesity. On the contrary, socio-cultural pressures about body image and endorsement of societys beliefs about thinness and obesity have a positive association, while the latter is positively associated with body dissatisfaction.The cause for this give was explained to be that the more women perceived socio-cultural pressures about body image, the more they innateized societal beliefs about thinness and obesity, which causes them to have body dissatisfaction. However, general self-determination allows them to be more motivated to act according to their own values, kinda than be pressured socio-cultural messages of thinness. People with general self-determination are more likely to measure self-worth based on personal growth, meaningful relationships and other intrinsic values, rather than by using extrinsic values such as physical attractiveness.The second discussion group relates to the third and fifth hypotheses. It was found that both autonomous and controlled eating behaviors are good motivational mechanisms and have a positive association to body dissatisfaction. However, the association of controlled regulation, which is = .74 is stronger than autonomous regulations = .14. In addition to this, it was found that general self-determination in life caused them to be self-determined in the regulation of their eating behaviors, which is a specific life domain.The third discussion groups relates to the fourth, fifth and sixth hypotheses. As for the fourth and sixth hypotheses, majority of women who are dissatisfied with their body image eat in a restrictive manner due to the motivation to reduce body dissatisfaction caused by internal pressures such as guilt or shame or external pressures such as media and parents about body image and the endorsement of beliefs about thinness and obesity.Controlled regulation has a positive association with dysfunctional eating behaviors and a negative associated with healthy eating behaviors. On the contrary, women with greater self-determination tend to have healthy eating habits because they have less probability of perceiving socio-cultural pressures about body image and internalize societal beliefs about thinness and obesity. Unlike its negative relation with dysfunctional eating behaviors, autonomous regulation has a positive relation to healthy eating behaviors.Lastly, as regards the last hypothesis, positive psychological adjustment are found have a positive connection with healthy eating behaviors. On the contrary, it has a negative relation with dysfunctional eating behaviors. The results of the study suggest that healthy eating behavior may be a necessary condition for global psychological adjustment.These findings may provide new approaches to understanding and treating body image-related issues and eating disorders. Having built the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating disorders, specialists may focus on change magnitude self-esteem rather than emphasizing the evils of unhealthy eating habits. They may also begin looking at the motivational perspective introduced in the study and adapt treatment according to what motivates a woman to adopt weight control habits.SummaryIn summary, the results were interpreted to show that societal pressures and self-determination may be seen as com peting factors that determine body dissatisfaction, with societal pressures as the cause for the endorsement of societal beliefs about obesity and thinness, while self-determination as the buffer against it. Both body dissatisfaction and self-determination have an effect on the kind of eating regulation a woman may adopt.This may result to either a healthy or dysfunctional eating habit among women. However, the authors offered an alternative explanation for the results. The explanation is actually a reverse of the second hypotheses. According to the authors, body dissatisfaction may have been the cause for women to endorse societys belief, rather than the inverse, because such dissatisfaction may lead women to pay more attention socio-cultural pressures about body image. some(prenominal) other topics related to this area of research may be examined in the future. First, researchers can look at satisfaction or dissatisfaction caused by the body image formed relative to the body type of the person with whom a subject has constant contact with. Some people may feel less laborious when placed with obese people than when placed with thin people and vice versa. Second, researchers may delve into more deeply into other means women address body dissatisfaction such as exercise, and determine what factors cause women to involve a certain approach.This may also be related to general self-determination such that researchers may examine which between exercising or other means of addressing body dissatisfaction and dieting, or a confederacy of both, is used by women with different levels of self-determination. Lastly, the present study may also be replicated using different genders, attributes, and means of addressing body dissatisfaction. Very interesting results may arise from the study of gays and lesbians.

Human and Evolution Essay Example for Free

Human and Evolution endeavorHuman desire is unlimited, everyone also will hold a laziness attitude, so to own desires, human beingse need to work harder to satisfy their own, therefore society in constant evolutionSigmund Freud once say that human evolution is mainly has two conditions as the driving force, one is sex and another is longing to greatness. However, this is unscientific if we find from another perspective. Through understanding and awareness the history of Europe and Asia, we cease chance upon this argument exists only in the view of philosophy and cannot afford to ponder in reality. With the era and cognition progress, batch need analyzed the reason of human evolution to be more simplified and clearly, it can be summarized in a word survival. Evolution is a process of fittest survives, not suitable people will be eliminated, each of the persons genetic are constantly changing, and is non-directional, genes control humans activities of totally life. In ad dition, when people confronting difficulties or changing, several(prenominal) mutant gene fit, but some do not, so those who do not fit will naturally died and eliminated. Generally, cosmos will choose to energise changes and finished evolution to maintain their patterns of life.According to Plato, human is an animal that have no feathered and stand on two feet, the selection of human walk upright, maybe just to make walking easier. Through some scientists verification, as the substantial change in the natural environment, such as the climate was changed erratically and disforestation cause the forest reduce, using walking upright is more conducive to human migration between the conglomerate settlements. This real case of human history is showing the evolution of standing and walking firstly to make the human brain has been gradual evolution and improvement. On the other hand, to stand up for walking and running, human need to balance the body and motor coordination of body part s, for the cerebellum of evolution has played a significant authority in. Moreover, because of the evolution of standing and walking, humans hands and feet also gradual evolution of division of labor. withal that, because of people habit of laziness, there are more and more inventors to create something to provide life devisal for human, such as paper to convenient human communication and armillary sphere, seismograph to facilitate the people to observed celestial bodies and natural disasters. All of these are the inventors creative inspiration that obtained by the evolution. after(prenominal) a long time, those items are cannot satisfy peoples needs, then people will have to evolution to unsnarl it or create another items. At the time of human invented complex instruments, the item is also forcing humans to adapt to its complexity, which in turn will promote human accelerated pace of evolution.Until todays living environment has already evolution to become high tech, human scie nce and technology has been quick improvement and the invention and use a variety of tools are also complicated, for example mobile promise has became the main item to work, to connect people communicate, replace people entertainment and vehicle became main dose for people to move, all of the people who are following in this environment are also affected. So, they have only one way to avoid being eliminated the social environment, and that is evolution together. Everyone needs to make changes by themselves, learning and contacts more stuff, broadening their horizons.

Macroeconomics Article Commentary Essay Example for Free

Macro scotchs name Commentary EssayThe worst puzzles surrounding offspring unemployment in Scotland atomic number 18 not over, a Scotch Government Minister told MSPs today.Despite statistics exposeing a rise in jobs on offer, Minister for early days Employment Angela Constance said that such a claim would be foolish.She said that improvements in Scotlands providence would resolve some problems of getting young people into work.But she added that, in the long-term, work is learned to sustain those facing considerable barriers.Constances remarks came as she appeared before Holyroods Education Committee to answer questions on the sparing Governments Youth Employment Strategy, and ahead of the publication of the latest job figures tomorrow. Figures show that 102,000 young people are shortly jobless in Scotland. That represents around one in foursome of those aged 16-24 who are economically active.Given the recent economic indicators that suggest things are slightly meli orate in terms of va toleratecies, do you think were over the most challenging year, and permit met the great challenge?Ms Constance said she would not be foolish enough to look into her crystal lummox and make such predictions. Well deal with what comes our way, she said.Pressed by Labour MSP Neil Bibby on whether she believed thither is a callowness unemployment crisis in Scotland, Ms Constance said What I believe is that we need to be in this for the long haul.She told MSPs there were around 20,000 young people from disadvantaged cover versiongrounds who face considerable barriers to getting into work.When we think of youth unemployment, some of that leave be resolved when the miserliness picks up and gets better, she added.But youth unemployment is always dickens and a half to three times higher than all-age unemployment.There is always an issue there that we need to tackle and it is long-term action we need.IA Commentary 2Youth unemployment requires long-term actionJust uniform a majority of all countries, Scotland is facing struggle in their economic recovery after the recession. The problem organism addressed in the chosen article speaks about the youth unemployment crisis that is occurring in the country. Demand in the consumer sector is not what the main problem is. Apparently, the youth (age 16 24) do reached unemployment (ability to work but acquiret nonplus a job) rates of 25% due to disadvantaged backgrounds. This cease most seeming be assumed that these people have had a escape of education and do not have the sufficient skills to apply for the desired jobs. This could be labeled as a skill mismatch between workers skills and employers needs. Unemployment can have a significant negative impact on a countrys economy and society.As the unemployment level rises, the more people are eligible for benefit payments (money given to the unemployed to consume basic necessities) which take away from the governments revenue and spending power . Secondly, and most importantly, unemployment can cause a waste of resources and reduce the nations output which lead commence the economys GDP. With this outlet of the nations output, the economy will be producing within its PPF (Production Possibility boundary ability to produce ALL available resources efficiently) and lowers/decreases economic growth. The following labor market diagram can depict what unemployment the market is facing.As seen in the diagram, the labor market is shown in a simple AD/AS model. At Qe, the labor market is at equilibrium as the demand for labor matches the supply. Though, in this case, the supply of labor has decreased causing the AS curve to shift leftwards. This shows that the market is not footrace at full efficiency as production is being hindered. The resource of workers are not being allocated at high efficiency because they are lacking the factor of production of education. These factors of production are inputs that are used in the produc tion of goods/services.The suggested solution of the article is to seek long-term action to regain the loss of supply/productivity in the skill deprived market. Government intervention seems to be the solution to redress those workers facing considerable barriers or lack of education. The reallocation of the government fiscal policy to boost economic activity will have to see a greater percentage of revenue towards the education sector. The fiscal policy is the use of the government expenditure and taxation to manage the economy. In this case, a supply-side policy will need to be rearranged to improve the quality of resources which would education in this situation.A period of economic asceticism will definitely be needed as the government will be forced to lower discretionary spending (expenditure that is adjusted annually) in other sectors to assure that the current and future youth have better education and provide the economy with better qualities of production. Using the same labor market diagram, you will see the result of increasing the quality of the factor of production (education) as the supply of able workers rises back to equilibrium.The diagram shows the effect of re-allocated supply-side fiscal policy (policies to alter the level of supply to create a enduring economy) towards increased spending for the education sector. The government can lower the number of un-educated workers/youths that lack adequate skills by subsidizing education and implementing better training for jobs. Currently, the aggregate supply for young Scottish workers lies on the AS fag out curve as firms cant hire the un-skilled workers.This leads the real GDP, or the output of the country to be lower as goods and services arent being produced at maximum efficiency due to the lack of workers. The long-run solution that is alluded in the text would definitely be to improve the education system because currently the economy is running on spare capacity (producing at less than maximum efficiency). The economy would have to bare with the supply crisis until the workers have acquired the adequate skills.If the re-evalution of the fiscal policy is used by the Scottish government, past they can potentially pitch this skill-mismatch issue and avoid disastrous economic problems. Lastly, to ensure economic safety, the Scottish government should restrain from borrowing money and spend money on other projects to allow them to fix their problem. This could hinder the development in other sectors as the money available to them should be placed towards education.