Traffic Congestion

Traffic CongestionIntroductionTraffic over-crowding is a critical line which happens on roads which make dealing engage because roads full of cars and buses. Traffic congestion ch completelyenges craft flow in urban champaign and is prevented unflurried employment. A growing urban argona creates complex problems in day-by-day life with transaction. Congestion phenomenons tramp not be terminated only by applying physical constructing such as build noseband, motorways and increasing road electrical condenser. It is inevitable to build technology constitution for transportation management which is used for moderate of the concern phenomenon. Traffic visualise administrations have direct fix on traffic problems which is help to alter traffic flow and lessen traffic congestion. Usually, traffic jams are caused by some reasons such as incidents, works in roads, roads maintenance. Approximately, traffic congestion occurs at peak times in the morning or evening when people are travelling to work. In addition, transportation systems are one of the main reasons causing traffic congestion in or so countries. Traffic roads have a direct effect on traffic jams which cerebrate to small ways use or discredited ways (Katathira et al, 1994)Firstly, when K. Macmillan invented the first cars had proper shape and wooden frame in 1839 which included many types of advantages such as communicate speed allayer control economy furniture and safety. The Automobiles industry became more popular and necessary for the life and it arriveed to improve cars industrial design and create more cars by companies. In the death of 18th century, the first traffic congestion appeared on the old capital of the United Kingdom Bridge which created a serious problem. After that, the capital of the United Kingdom political sympathies decided to find way out for this phenomenon which led to the initiation of control system to solve traffic congestion by installation traffi c lights on the old London bridge. In addition, the London government added another control system by dividing the London old bridge into two paths, one for vehicles and another for pedestrians (Bellis, 1994).Transportation problems have been canvass by many researchers and many solutions have been proposed to solve it. Improving transportation includes many ways to improve traffic performance in major cities and motorways. The judicature is responsible for improving the efficiency of transportation in cities and broad(prenominal)ways amongst cities which reduce traffic problems. Transportation blockage has a clear influence on economic situation and it causes increased in live cost.The aim of this write up is to discuses the effects of control systems can reduce traffic congestion, energy utilisation and road incidents. It is important to understand the link between traffic congestion and control systems. However, in that location are some solutions to decrease their negativ e effects. footingTraffic congestion, definitionTraffic congestion is complex phenomenon which is related to a emergence of cars on the road at the same times which is blank out motion and need extra time to reach destinations. In fact, traffic congestion is usually recur or non fall out phenomenon. Always, recurring traffic congestion is appeared by daily event in a trustworthy times which is solved reorganize suitable planning. On the other hand, non recurring traffic congestion is unthought-of and unusual event cause by an incident which is suddenly reduced road capacity. In addition, road capacity is one of the main reason cause traffic congestion when the number of cars on the road increases than the road capacity. (Logi, 2001)Control systemControl system is approach to remedy traffic phenomenons by applying technology, programming and tolls. In the end of 18th century, the first control system was applied in London by traffic light which was used to organize traffic moti on on London old bridge. A growing in urban area advance government to invent and apply a modernistic technology has ability to reduce traffic problems which is called traffic control system. The aim of this section is to describe effect traffic congestion by traffic control system because traffic control system has direct influence on traffic problems which is helped to improve traffic flow and solve traffic problems by apply a number of system factors such as traffic lights road pricing travel times gasoline evaluate transit fare and speed limitation.Literature reviewIn elicit of, the link between control systems and traffic congestion is important there appear literature dearth which is especially in evidence of capture systems. Therefore, there is calculated and experimental evidence. As a result, the relationship between control system and traffic congestion was investigated in 1994 by Shefer which had shared out volume over capacity ratio which was used to measure take of traffic congestion. Then after, in1997 the relationship between traffic congestion and control system was studied by Shefer and Rietveld which is used sample hypothesis and go out experiment evidence by comparing traffic congestion direct when peak hours the traffic congestion level was less than peak hours in usually days. Further study, by Noland and Quddus in 2005 who was used link between traffic congestion and control system by using spacial analysis manor in London. This study achieves lower traffic congestion by applying several types of control systems (Wang et al, 2009).Type of problemsThe most type of problem that is happening in big cities is traffic congestion. Traffic congestion has high impact on smooth traffic which cause limes lose, work luck and energy consumption. However, traffic congestion has influenced in the city live which twist extremely complicated and difficult for life. The most common with traffic congestion are road accident and road capacity whi ch can be blockage traffic flow in cities or in land side for example in London congestion occur in some area not during peak time always during all day which cause time loses and it become serious problem which encourage the governments to find out solution for this phenomenon to decrease it and avoid many problems relate with traffic congestion which can be make life smooth and uncomplicated. Transportation system challenges by traffic congestion which is importance to bankrupt transportation systems by using new methods and useful technology which can alleviated or decreased level of congestion in urban area. According to ( Logi , 2001) point out that traffic congestion is recurring and non recurring congestion which is appeared when traffic volume increase than road capacity in a certain times. Always, recurring traffic congestion connect with daily event thought non recurring traffic congestion connect with unexpected event by road incident or road works. This phenomenon has been studied by many researchers which aim to find approaches or solution for traffic congestion.