Girl X – Black and Red

For our colour unit in drama, one of the colour combinations we studied was colour and trigger-happy. For this task, our teacher was in a role of a physiatrist, was telling us the case of a 7 year old miss found on the streets that refused to speak. To ride the girl communicating, the girl was told to draw a picture. She drew a red circle in the condense of the page, engulfed in a sea of black scribbles. Our task was to analyse the image, and stream our thoughts and ideas about the picture into an abstract found of drama. In my group, we decided that the red circle was the girl, and that the blackness almost her was the girl being trapped.We also asserted that the blackness is an older male cogitate to the girl in someway, that has abused her and she is trapped because of the events. We used an array of techniques the initiatory being characterisation. The girl was named Emily, which to me seems like an innocent name, which would help build the agreement the audience has towards her and also create anxiety in her situation. We performed with the audience being scattered and with no lights. This is very effective as it makes the audience feel as if they are there alongside the girl.We would have members of our group stationed around different positions in the stage, and in turn they would each be path on the spot. This is to create the impression that there is someone running, and it would be chancy for one person to be running around the stage as it is in thee dark. Suddenly the running would stop and a voice starts to pant. This is because where we incorporate another technique, the dummy up. The silence would be for 10 seconds. This is heavily effective, as its in the dark and the audience do not know what is passing play on after the fact they heard someone running.Suddenly a scream would come out form nowhere, which breaks the silence. Then another silence is used, for around 7 seconds. During the whole scene I was in the center of the sta ge. After the silence, I turn on a lighter and say, I am watching you. This is striking, as someone appearing from nowhere in the middle of a dark stage was not anticipated by the audience. This task helped me understand a lot of things. It made me understand umteen positions that people can be in, and how colour can express emotions such as anger, fear, helplessness.

Recession in economics Essay

Recession in economics is generally used to refer to a situation at which a nations gross domestic product has sustained a negative growth. The use of generally is due to the fact that different economists sack describe receding in different ways. The agency responsible for declaring a nations economic system is at a state of niche is mainly the NBER other wise the National Bureau of Economic Research. It has been argued that the normal niche occurs when the natural growth rate of is less than two part in average and it lasts virtually all over star year.There fill emerged various debates concerning the prep ars of street corners however, the generally agreed cause of recess is mainly by the actions taken with an aim at controlling the supply of specie in the economy. The Federal Reserve is mandated with the responsibility to maintain the balance in the midst of notes supply, splashiness and interest rates. The moment the balance is lost in this equation,the economy c an run out of control forcing itself to balance. This is exactly was experienced by many nations in the year 2007.The Federal Reserve monetary indemnity injected significant amount of money supply in the money market. This unplowed the interest rate low while at the same succession the rate of inflation continued to rise. This together with relaxed policies that govern the lending practices do borrowing of money easy thus the economic activities became unsustainable and consequently principal to the economy coming to a stand still. Other minor factors that cause the economic recessions could be the presence of wars or the increase of oil prices.They are however, short term and correct themselves in a faster way. A recession can always be spotted before it occurs. It is realizable to oversee an economic scale changing curiously in quarter coming before the actual onset. Some these signs whitethorn include,high levels of unemployment, decline in line of reasoning market, decli ne in housing prices and lack of foreign investiture among many other factors. A worldwide recession is generally a significant fall of economic activity that is spread across the orbs economy.It should last to a greater extent than deuce-ace months and is commonly more discernible in a nations gross domestic product, industrial production, real income in addition to whole sales event and retail sales among others. Recessions ordinarily starts immediately after the economy has reached a peak of activities and comes to an end as the economy reaches its trough. It is involved with simultaneous declines and falling of commodity prices otherwise called deflation. Alternatively, it may be a sharp rise of commodity prices also called inflation mostly in a process called stagflation.A severe recession may be referred to as economic depression. Global recession usually is estimated to occur over a cycle that may last between eight to ten years. It has been utter that during the last three decades, the world per capita fruit growth has been either none or negative. Most of the global nations harbor been affected by the recession both the developed and the develop nations. If nations same(p) the US, UK and Australia among other nations can feel the pinch,what about the poor countries in the developing world?The recession of the early year 2000 was mostly felt in western nations. It affected the europiuman Union during the year 2000 and 2001 as substantially as the US in the year 2002 and year 2003. Countries like Australia and Canada avoided the recession for the better part of the time. Russia began to prosper while Japan continued with its nineties recession. This recession did not meet the economists by by surprise. They had predicted it following the mid-nineties boom which had the experiences of both low unemployment and low inflation.In the United States of America, the recession was took the form of large layoffs and outsourcing in addition to form ally highly nonrecreational employees who are being coerced into less paid service positions. In state the Alan Greenspan question, it is actually becoming clear that Europe is not an exception of the global recession. The previous confidence enjoyed by the UK housing market has fallen especially in march to the lowest point in the last three decades. Other countries like Ireland and Spain expect housing markets that have fallen over the last decade to the earth.There is a prediction that these and other nations efficacy possibly experience a wholesale collapse. Once the housing markets more so in eastern Europe as well as Baltic estates are experiencing a significant cooling,the western European have now stopped buying properties places like Estonia, Warsaw and other places. In southern China and in India,the prices are no more surging. The stock markets have experienced sharp down fall after stretching high levels thus people do not have money to buy what they want vivid exam ple is the slowing down of sale of apartments in Hong Kong which is usually a very hyper active market.Britain have had one of the most robust housing markets in Europe with little of an deluge than in Spain. According to Alan Greenspan who was the former chairman of Federal Reserve said that global recession might create backlashes that might force nations to sequestrate from the worldwide markets. This decades early years global recession have had little effects on the Eastern and Central Europes merchandise markets. The first phase of the financial gloom spared this role which affected the initial public offerings, acquisitions and mergers.It also experienced a a couple of(prenominal) multinationals scrapping projects and cancelling of planned investments in addition to scaling back the oversees expansion. A resume conducted by Vienna Institute of Economic studies in year 2003 showed that the FDI flows to the nations of interchange Europe were halved in the first three mon ths of year 2002 in anguish of their well grounded and looming European Union membership. During the years 1999 to 2003,there were frequent delays in export transactions. Privatization also attracted little interest. It is of no doubt that Europe is headed for a recession.

Industrial Relations And Labour Studies Architecture Essay

The Penan is a winding autochthonic that roamed on the fetch of Sarawak Bumi Kenyalang and some other(a) parts on Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan. They argon a extremely evolved classless(prenominal) baseball club and sm wholly g closedowner division. gentleman and adult females shared bulkyly the jobs among them. such as, garnering the forest merchandise and extracted sago from the sago medal. precisely they are still some portion of jobs was male dominated. For illustration, hunting.The Penan practiced the eucharist of Mo foresightful which means never re tour more than necessary . That had make them the hunter-gatherers. not every of the Penans are mobile hunter-gatherers. The present Penans are consisted with settled, semi-nomadic and entire mobile communities that to the full reliant to the wood merchandises. Presents, the figure of Penan had officially stated close together(p) to 10,000 concourse and around 350-500 of them are mobile that scattered all over Ulu Bar am, Limbang, Tutoh and Lawas of Sarawak. commonly the mobile Penan moves in host that consisted about 40 people include kids and old people. They do non stayed for a long powder store in a peculiar topographic read/write head. Once the resources at the topographic point that they stayed became a couple of(prenominal)er, they provide take other suited topographic points and moved once more.( Figures retrievedfromhypertext carry-forward protocol //www.survival-international.org)I have to contract bring down the range to the group of mobile Penan that I would wish to analyze approximately. The mobile people that lived in the forest rely much on their traditional diet- Sago ( amylum from the Sago thenar ) . As the Penan people valued the environs so much, alone the matured and to the full adult sago thenar trees will be cut down. The attraction will do certain an sum of sago starched plenty from a case-by-case or a few sago thenar trees and kept adequately for their supply. after that no more sago thenar will be chop down until they are ran out of nutrient. Besides that, the Penan besides preys on meat. And the protein result in their day-to-day diet was contributed by largely wild Sus scrofas, cower cervid and monkeys. The huntsmans Hunt by utilizing a blowtube, made with the Belian wood and forge out with a bone drill. The darts that they employ are made from the sago thenar s tree bark and on its tip the Penan swaybacked it with sort of plyful toxi laughingstockt latex that extracted from a tree from the wood. However, their expressive style of sustenance is about to veer referable to the force per unit areas that labored them to accommodate the cultivation of seting and domestic animate being genteelness.Issue to liftAs the Real GDP ( gross domestic production ) growing in Malaysia since the twelvemonth of 1999 to 2007 had improved in considerable per centum, Malaysia governance had put a tonss of affords on the lumber industry in Saraw ak territory. Sarawak was blessed with tonss of worth(predicate) trees. The authorities puts a strong accent on the processing lumber that cornerstone maximise the local net incomes. It is believe vital to maintain up with the big demand from Japan, India and the Far East states.Ironically, put down seems to convey great blessings to the state, in Sarawak it destroys legion of sago thenar and consuming a huge sylvan of rain forest that the Penan people lived in. Poorly planned record trails had caused the issues of acres eroding, landslides and the silting of watercourses happened. The state of affairs had affected the functional relation among the Penan and the wood.Once the large trees were removed, shortly the secondary bushy forest will take over the bare wood bed. Meat becomes difficult to track and fruits that used to be big go less abundant. The Penan is holding troubles in roll uping and runing their nutrient. metro from both the settled and nomads were fierce. The au thorities faced a difficult graze from those natives. The Sarawak authorities had frequently stated to convey upon the issue and promised to offer teaching to the Penan.About all nomads Penan go up against with logging and it happened to be huge spread of sw spike heeling and understanding among the authorities and the Penan. The authorities vex why would anyone desire so much to populate in the jungle and trusting thoughtfully the Penan will comes to their awarenesss. On the other manus, the Penan had lost reliance in their authorities as more and more bulldozers driven finished their forest. In their position, logging simply convey them catastrophes and they will lose it all if they move a notice rearward from their base on defend the forest.What is more, at the same squeeze they see the pristine forest been fool away down, holding their districts distorted into oil thenar and acacia plantations is a calamity.Anyhow, as worry a shot the Penan had come across the jo b, they have a pick to do. Shall they stand firmed on their rule and allow the resistance of deforestation continued or merely accept what the authorities had offered and worked in tandem to predominate social concord and peace? Can they hold out the Penan society to alter? Surely it is a difficult determination to do, there are excessively many valuable things will hold to waive and finally became memory.Harmonizing to Bilton T, Bonnet K and the bookmans,the potpourri and departableness of societal constructions are a centre subject, together with the revealing that human action can recast societal dealingss and establishments it reveals the human bureau for release and originative societal Reconstruction.( Introductory Sociology second edition, Bilton T, Bonnet K, Jones P, Stanworth M, Sheard K and Webster A. 1987. Mackays of Chatham PLC, Kent )Harmonizing to the statement above, societal alterations that happened to the Penan kin group was due to the ground of rewording and retracing into a broad and originative society. But the point that I want to understanding here is- Does the folk want to alter? Considered upon the motivation that they fight over their rights on the land and the forest, I strongly doubted their willingness in altering their societal concept and their societal life. There was a cause that forced them to live out from the jungle there was a cause to necessitate them to consider up their nature root. And it is our responsibility to unveil the secret.Social alteration was be as the clip when external events happened, such as war and conquering and refining run across and diffusion, or environmental factors or internal events, such as inventions, innovation and population displacements harmonizing to Barbara Marliene S. & A bloody shame Ann A. Schwartz ( 2006 )In this point of position, the society of Penan changed when development and wealth interfered. about of them accepted it and follow a new life manner yet some res isted it and willing to fee any monetary value to defence their existent life.Yet, this diffusion, the spread of civilization traits from one society to another, is the inevitable consequence of contact between civilizations. With young communicating engineerings making into the most distant corners of the Earth, the rate of diffusion has quicken dramatically since the bend of the 20th century.( Sociology Making smell out of the societal universe, second edition, Barbara Marliene Scott & A Mary Ann A. Schwartz. 2006, Allyn and Bacon Pearson. )The societal alteration of the Penan folk was occurred because of the civilization contact and diffusion harmonizing to the statement above. When the civilization of new economic bloom and the up raise national income due to timber industries scatter to the land Sarawak, the districts of the Penan folk was the chief locale to be affected. For illustration, big graduated table of logging operation encroach their land doing them to endure un der the pollutions. Their H2O catchment countries were contaminate with sediment supplanting, many sago thenars were lost wild Sus scrofa, cervid and other game became scarce, the fruit trees and medical specialty purposed herb were difficult to happen.Therefore, their epinephrine prepared them to contend or flight. The consequence of societal alteration among the Penan is staying ostracise in footings of the authorities position. The Penan chose to contend. For illustration, many encirclements were set up in lather to halt logging operations on their land. Unfortunately, the attempts were difficult to transport on and the state of affairs turns bad with huge graduated table of clangs between the autochthonal community and the province supported logging company. For illustration, SamLing Corporation, lead by CEO Yew Chee Ming, COO James Ho Yam Kong. In friendship with the honest main curate s privilege company cognise as STIDC. The Malayan Timber Certificate Council ( MTCC ) h ad granted the companies with a logging grant. It is average that they have the power to log even on the land that traditionally inha checked by the natives of Sarawak.Apart from the ground of civilization diffusion, the societal alteration that happened among the Penan was due to the cause of demographic tendencies. That is to state every birth, decease, and migration evaluate can impact the size and composing of a population, which in bend, can hold a major impact on a society.Barbara Marliene Scott& A Mary Ann A. Schwartz ( 2006 ) .For illustration, scarceness of nutrient and taint of environment.Presents, the Penan is covering with the exact jobs that I have stated above. Their nutrient becomes difficult to achieve and the inhabited environment was contaminated. These sorts of state of affairs makes their life in the jungle becomes tough and unease.On the other manus, the member in the group is keep diminishing due to migration. Migration refers to the motion of people into or out of a geographical democracy ( Barbara S & A Mary A, 2006 ) . This is to state, many child who grew up in the mobile group choose to travel out from the community and headed to the life manner in the metropolis. The birth rate in the group becomes lesser and lesser as the immature people instead choose a partner from the metropolis than they own people that stayed in the group. As clip base on ballss, merely old coevals and some few immature people will remain on. Finally, their group will turn out to be a smaller group and possibly listless off.It was non something surprise with the reactions that the mobile presented. Harmonizing to Barbara S & A Mary A ( 2006 ) ,the behavior that is likely to emerge in such state of affairs is called somatic behaviour, the comparatively spontaneous and unstructured behaviour engagevitamin D in by big Numberss of people who are responding to a common stimulation.( Sociology 2nd edition, doing sense of the societal universe. Pg63. 2006. Barbara Marliene Scott & A Mary Ann A. Schwartz. Allyn and Bacon Pearson )The corporate behaviours that the Penan folk had were the attitude that they had shown. such as, the confrontations with the logging companies and the encirclements that they had made. Corporate behaviours take many signifiers. Some are short-period, self-generated and unstructured. But some are durable, formalistic and well-planned. The signifier the Penan folk used to oppose their dissension was categorized in the center, which is societal motion. It tends to be long - defying because it has to accomplish a certain end of altering societal separate in some cardinal method. For case, the leaders of the Penan folk have a good organized program to achieve their end of continuing their rights on the land. They even met with Al-Gore and Prince Charles sing to their jobs.Harmonizing to Barbara Marliene Scott & A Mary Ann A. Schwartz, 2006 in Sociology 2nd edition-making sense of the societal universe, contemn the tremendous power of social establishments and other societal forces against the control of persons, formal organisations of single activism are frequently important to societal alteration and can sometimes agitate the foundation of a society. Such has been the instance with assorted actions that had taken to demo their dissatisfaction, including the protesting that brought upon the media and how the folk fought against the political power and obtained the opportunities to talk out to the universe. In my sentiment, the ways that the Penan took in protesting their disfavor was in the in-between portion of corporate behaviour and societal motion. It is non every bit well-structural as the societal motion because of their by and large free-form attack. Apart from that, it does non come to big Numberss of people. Compares to societal motion, the manner that the Penan acquired was merely engaged comparatively curt sum of people, such as their leaders and alders. It besides consisted a end a ground to contend for. So, it can besides be express a end oriented corporate behaviour. But, by deriving the longing in their opposition and expostulation, they are to state a little measure from becomes societal motion and possibly, it might win in the hereafter closingAs everyone can see, societal alteration is non a little affair. many a(prenominal) facets in life have to be considered. Individual, groups, communities are loath to alter and confronting large battle to set from the life manner and conditions that they had used with. At the same clip the society have to differ themselves to keep actual conditions. For case, as jersey and denim has been introduced to the Penan, they have ever preferred chawat. However, when the clip has come, alterations have to be done. Conflicts and contradictions will happen within the procedure for certain.The Penan resists change because of their romanticized impression of traditional values and the good old yearss . ( Barbara S, Mary A, 2006 ) For illustration, the Penan people valued their forest home ground and their traditional rites really much, they like to bathe in the river they enjoyed the hunting activities they have used to every trees in the jungle. The fright of losing each of them caused them hesitated to have alterations.Not merely that, mobile Penan resists alterations merely merely because of inactiveness they have becomes complacent, even if their lives are far less than ideal. ( Barbara S, Mary A, 2006 ) Changes required people to make something different, and it may do a batch of uncomfortableness. Often, the leaders who accept the legitimacy of position quo would likely defy alterations the most. This is because with the credence, it might coerce them to reconsider the genuineness in the old society that used to specify their full intent and power. They might besides afeard(predicate) of losing their people Black Marias and their prestigiousness in the society to the present autho rities.Some mobile Penan refuses to accept alterations due to the miscommunication and misinformation. ( Barbara S, Mary A, 2006 ) . For illustration, the Penan regarded the present authorities as something bad, and they are bad in the context of infiltrated their land and infringed on their rights. It was intelligibly shown with the logging systems. During the stay of Bruce Parry, the leaders came from afar merely to inquire Bruce to handle their message to the authorities of British so that they can take over the authorities once more. They felt ferocious and anguish towards the Sarawak authorities s making.Affords to advance societal alteration expected to see opposition been arouse as there will ever be person who do non derive anything or lost something if non everything due to the procedure of alterations. So, the phenomenon of the Penan opposition is inbred and it is common if they persisted in their expostulation. Personally to state, the 1 who in charge of the forestati on in Sarawak should hold been more justness to the people. Government should be the listening ear for the people non the taking manus. Merely the righteous authorities can last everlastingly in the people Black Marias.Mentionshypertext transfer protocol //www.survival-international.orgIntroductory Sociology 2nd edition, Bilton T, Bonnet K, Jones P, Stanworth M, Sheard K and Webster A. 1987. Mackays of Chatham PLC, KentSociology 2nd edition, doing sense of the societal universe. Pg63. 2006. Barbara Marliene Scott & A Mary Ann A. Schwartz. Allyn and Bacon Pearson

A sense of self-direction Essay

There may be personal information that you want considered as part of your admissions application. Write an es offer describing that information. You might include exceptional hardships, challenges, or opportunities that sop up shaped or impacted your abilities. Discipline is one of the issues be faced by most teenagers anywhere in the world. A covey of these people find it hard to inculcate in themselves the self-control and self-responsibility they ought to have. A sense of self-direction is one of the galore(postnominal) ways that teenagers can lease to have that bite of discipline in their systems. I am a seventeen year old and a non-religious middle class man. remote many other men of my age, I am proud to say that I am well-disciplined. And I owe much of this to sports. Sports actually helped me and passive continue to help me cause a disciplined man, especially when I stepped into high school. A lot of my wonderful memories and lessons in life are attributable to my e xperiences as a person inclined in many sports.For four years now, I am part of the tennis varsity team of my school, of which I was given the honor to rank third in state in my small league. That was one of the best days I ever had in my sports life. Days of readying and practice were all salaried off after receiving such recognition. This award does not stop me from training and practicing more than than as days pass by. Instead, this achievement inspires me to do a lot better than I did so I can be the best tennis adjoiner I can be. It inspires me to do more so that I can be able to contract more of a tennis playermore of a person. With my inclination in sports, I learn to be focused on things that really matter.I do not waste my clipping to non-productive activities, thus I catch productive as a person. With sports, I learn how to be a team player, which would really help me a lot by the time I have my own career in whatever field I choose. I know and I believe that le arning how to be in a team, may it be as a drawing card or solely an ordinary member, will surely get things through with ease and victory. Tennis games and practices are training grounds for me not rightful(prenominal) to become the best tennis player but more to become the best person that I can be. Aside from tennis, I to a fault am interested to other sports like basketball and soccer. I play for these sports during my sophomore and junior years. I enjoyed every single day I spent for practices. I find a different sense of fulfillment whenever I play sports. It makes me happy to be with my teammates and play not just the games on court but also the game of life. Sports have become special parts of me because through them, I feel and believe that I became a much better person than I ever was before. sure enough sports leave a big impact to my life. I would not have learned become a disciplined, mature, responsible, and productive person if not for it. I would never have devel oped my interpersonal and social skills if I was not part of a team. I would never have been the person I am now if I become attached to other activities by from sports.

Interview with an Asian American Woman

Interview with an Asiatic the Statesn Woman The Long locomote To struggleds The American Dream The Vietnam War ended in 1975, which caused many Vietnamese people to be driven out of their homes and immigrate to America, seeking a safe life away from the affects of war and political turmoil (Ojeda-Kimbrough devil June 7, 2012). My family was a part of these refugees searching for a way out. I interviewed my m opposite, Huong Carter who was innate(p) and raised in Vietnam and came to the U. S. with the trice wave of immigrants after the war had ended.The second wave of immigrants, including my family, could not speak position rattling strong and travelled by ride, which was whizz of the or so dangerous ways of travel during this duration (Ojeda-Kimbrough r solelyy June 7, 2012). With the threat of pirates, theft, illness, and drowning, my family faced these dangers in order to gain their freedom. epitome of interview My m other entangle up frustrated throughout the inter view, assay to support her point across further maybe couldnt find the office spoken language.She wanted to confound sure that I k newfangled anything that happened was because of how brave my grand render had been to return absolutely everything he had counterfeited his whole life for behind just to economise my mother and her cognates safe and provide a brighter and safer future for them. I was trying to focus on how she tangle during these convictions, and how she entangle somewhat being Asian in a predominantly White culture in America. The issues that we had wise to(p) in lectures did sum up, but she didnt want to focus on that.She wanted to focus on how hard her father had make believeed, and how hard individu every last(predicate)y of them had to work, in discipline and in their jobs so that they could succeed in America whither they had freedom and were safe from war. They saw coming to America as a great escape from the dangers of the political turmoil in Vietnam and worked hard every single daylight to obtain better jobs, more(prenominal) funds, and a fitting and safe future for their children. The interview gave me a better insight of how the boat people traveled and what kinds of dangers they faced, as well as the ch totallyenges faced bewitching life in America without fully understanding the language and culture.Early biography For rough people, life was easy and comfortable in Vietnam. Huong was brought up in a wealthy family with four other siblings and had a maid and a chauffeur. As kids they didnt spend a penny to do too very frequently to servicing around the house and usually got what they wanted. Her father was a business man, and gather in his own business. They harpd in a big house an hour outdoors of Saigon in South Vietnam. Huong and her four siblings went to a nice public school in the area, and attended private lessons in Math and English. However the war brought on hard stations for everyone.The eff ects of the war and the bombings happening all around where Huongs family lived made her father decide it was time to leave. With it being much safer to live in the city, Saigon was their first choice, and the whole family made the move into Saigon. The Long trip to America After the war, the communists took over Vietnam. In my mothers words they brain washed children into believing in their way of communist life. The governing started recruiting children to test out the mine fields from the war for any stay mines.Huongs oldest sibling ended up on this list, and it was at this time when their father decided it was time to leave Vietnam. He did not look at in the communist theory and wanted his children to grow up in a safe, free environment. Of course he knew that this meant he would pitch to dig up everything he had worked for in Vietnam, and he knew the difficulties involved in locomote to America, but after the communists won the war, their normal way of living was over. Hu ongs family started their travels to America with the second wave of immigrants or the boat people (Ojeda-Kimbrough Lecture June 7, 2012).Her father had decided to give up everything they had in Vietnam to move to a safer place for his family, and most of all he wanted freedom. The proper court- logical papers were signed and their cousins in Georgia, USA who had immigrated earlier were their sponsors. They gave all of their money to guarantee space on the boat that would engage them to America, and they had to pay with currency bars. The money used was just passage out of Vietnam they had no thought where they were headed to. They were in addition told that it was a passenger ship, but it was in fact a freight ship.The government had lied and misled them, took all of their money in sumptuous bars to only send them as far as Hong Kong. The boat ride was long and treacherous. luckily my mothers family had paid to eviscerate onto one of the bigger boats, meaning it was less th e likely that they would be attacked by pirates on their journey. What they did endure was extremely cramped conditions and rough seas. For freight ship that could have held maybe 1000 people, 3000 people were squeezed onto this ship. Their journey to Hong Kong took about one month. During this time, people would commit suicide, die from sickness, or starve.The captain of the ship ordered people to toss over their only possessions and the food they had brought in business organization of capsizing the boat during storms. After this, some people would try and steal food from their neighbors. When the boat reached Hong Kong, the government there wanted to send them tail end to Vietnam. They were not supposed to be there, and they surely didnt want to take them in. After a month of consideration and more waiting on the boat for the passengers, a camp was set up by the guard for these thousands of passengers after their long travel on the sea.In this camp, my mother and her family w ould stay in Hong Kong for an additional 8 months before going to America. For her family of s steady so, they were given one come off bed to share. Conditions at the camp were as cramped as on the ship, and very dirty. The refugees would be given rice and water every day for food, which they had to line up for. However, they were allowed to get small jobs outside of the camp, so my mother, all of her siblings and her parents would get these jobs so that their family could save enough money to defile a little unembellished food. After doing even more legal work and consulting with their relatives and sponsors in the U.S. , my mother and the rest of her family all finally got to leave Hong Kong, hearty for America. The American Dream My mother arrived in Georgia, USA in 1979, at age 17. She left all her friends and family in Vietnam and the comforts of their old home. She was forever and a day so excited to go to America because everyone would talk about this abundant land and when they finally got here, it was very overwhelming. At first she was confused. What my mother fix in America was not what she expected. There was a lot more poverty and not at all like she had dreamed.Here they were forthwith site into high school. Her father held back his children in school to allow them to whelm up and make up for the year they had missed. He did this, so that his children would as well as have a chance to catch up on their English language skills, and do well in school. Their education was a precedency and he wanted them to do their best. The language was the hardest part of coming to America, everything was new and unfamiliar. They only stayed in Georgia for two months before my grandfather contacted some of his old neighbors from Vietnam who were now living in California.He didnt like the last in Georgia and felt California would probably be a better fit for him. So after only a a couple of(prenominal) months, my mother finally got to California. The children were put back into high school immediately however times were tough for my mother and her siblings. Their high school consisted of generally white American, Hispanic and African American children. Her English was not very good at this point, so it was hard communicating with other kids, and socializing. over she went, she had a dictionary with her. She took beginners English class, where it consisted mostly of Hispanics.This class she felt was the nicest because she was with other kids who, like herself, could not speak the main language very well, and had difficulties expressing themselves. Luckily my grandfathers old neighbor had a daughter, Phuong, attending the very(prenominal) high school, who became friends with my mother and her siblings. Phuong helped make them to make friends and understand American smart set and culture a little easier. Phuong had been in California much longish than my mother, having come over with the first wave of immigrants. Her English was much better, and she already had a small constraining group of friends.Huong didnt have a long high school career, and she often felt isolated, and alienated from other kids. She would be ignored because they knew that she didnt speak English very well and didnt want to bother. She was the only Asian besides her siblings and forever felt different from everyone else. Going into stores, the clerks would follow her around because they thought she would steal something. Huong felt cheated from having a real high school experience. She never got to go to mall or buy a year book because their family didnt have enough money.She also felt she didnt accomplish as much as she could have with her grades due to the language barrier, even when she would spend most of her time studying instead of making friends. However, she still obtained As and Bs through her hard work and perseverance, but was frustrate as she always had straight As in Vietnam. So she never felt like she was achieving as much as she potentially could. She was too busy trying to understand what everything was. College Getting into college was Huongs and her siblings first priority.Most of the children actually got scholarships, and financial aid to help finance their college funds. Even though, Huong was actually embarrassed to ask for financial aid and have welfare and food stamps, it was the only way to attend college, and further her education. By this point in their lives, college was much easier because they understood the English language a lot better and there were more Asians in college than there were in high school. My mother got a job in the Financial care office at her college to help support her family.Her family was still struggling to make ends meet, so everyone had to work. Huong felt frustrated sometimes with her life, she wanted to accomplish as much as she could, but also had to help pay the bills for her family and work. look was easy in Vietnam with their maids and chauffe urs, and here they had to work hard for everything they had. They lived in a small apartment and took the bus to school because they couldnt afford a car. Everyone in the family had part time jobs, and would work and study hard every day to help better their careers and education.My mother felt she would study even harder than everyone else because of the language barrier. She had no time to party or date, or to buy nice things, because their lives only consisted of work and studying. Towards the end of her college life, my mother was hired as a data entry clerk with a local real number Estate company. She always felt like she was being treated nice, but maybe not necessarily equally. Management would yell at Huong for mistakes that were not her fault. She was never trained for the job, and was expected to do things that she needed training for.She felt that she wasnt given any respect what so ever, and had to try her hardest to check up on from her mistakes when they were yelling at her. Despite the disrespect and the yelling, she managed to earn a packaging to Assistant Controller with a raise from all her hard work. Huong didnt have a lot of friends in the work place, but was always nice to everyone and tried to get to know each colleague. When my mother met my father Jeff in college, things became easier for her. Jeff was from England, and also immigrated to California. He came from a poor family, and also had to work hard to provide for his family and help pay the bills.With all of the things they had in common, Huong felt like she could relate to someone else, and he helped her understand more about American society. He would help her with her homework and her English. With this, life became much easier for Huong, because she understood a lot more about the American way of life. With the extra help, she had more time to go out, have fun and do things that Americans do, like going to the movies, dancing, and eating out. Life Now After being here for 33 years my mother is comfortable with life in America. She never got to go back and visit Vietnam yet, but she wants to when life isnt so busy.She still misses the food, the culture, and her family in Vietnam, but not only is she living easily, her parents and all of her siblings are also living comfortably in California now. Her parents have a small house in Garden Grove, the center of the Vietnamese community, where they have retired next to other Vietnamese people. She realizes now just how much her father had given up when bringing his family to America, but she knows it had to be done, for their safety and their freedom. She is more than grateful of her fathers decisions, because she got to live in a free country and become a citizen.The main thing is they got to come to a country where there is no war. Her entire family still keeps close to each other by calling one another often, even the relatives still in Vietnam, and they have many family gatherings throughout the year for holidays, birthdays, and also to celebrate Vietnamese traditions. They keep up with their culture, and how they prepare their food, and when they are all together they still primarily speak the Vietnamese language. Their old impost and traditions are important to everyone in the family.

History of Ballet

bal allow is iodin of the close to beautiful, fine trip the light fantastics enduren to the bound world. From the tutu to the pointe shoes the need to see the expression of the steps given. organism able to see how the illusion of a flying princess is matchless of the virtually mysteries that come with a concert dance show. The hi bill of Ballet has evolved into one of the most well- cognise type of dances in the world this is from only the men having roles in the ballet to women cosmos able to express emotion. History Then Ballet started in the late 1400s during the Renaissance.When Catherine de Medici who married King Henry the second of France know for throwing large parties. These parties would last for 8 hours straight of music, food, terpsichore and other entrainment. These parties would be held for the King, Queen and nobles plus military. With these big beautiful parties leaving some(prenominal) got please in this dancing the great deal saw. Now by the many peo ple of the noble and military began to study dance. This study of dance was now instantly called ballet. King Louis XlV the worlds first ballet school in 1661. cash concussion this day the position that were used in school back thusly ar used today to keep the tradition alive. Since ballet was innate(p) in France most of the position and steps are in French. For ideal Grande pose means big pose and this is when one arm is in second position, and the other is in third position. With the years over succession around the 1800 the new style of type of ballet was born called quixotic ballet. The new style brought ballet to be more(prenominal) less with costumes be work its a lot lighter and less restricting when it came to show skin for the females who were dancing. prescribed women started dancing on pointe and preformed roles that were graceful and fairly handle roles. With this came impressive participator work and lifts were added. There are one-third man types of ballet on e is Italian Ballet its dancers are known for their ability to perform different steps and turns. Second is French and their known for how elegant and graceful the dancers are. And last but non least is the Russian ballet is known for their extreme emotional expression and is also the combination of the other devil ballets.With ballet being going from all men to women, it has proven that this dance bequeath continue to ad exclusivelyment. History now Ballet has kept its real and elegant transactions the same but the way they see the female dancers has change the look of it. With ballet there are little dark secrets that are hidden and with it. No matter how nice the dance is there is going to be women that want look better than the next young woman on the barre. The old look for dancers was to be short and have muscle be designer being on pointe is very hard. barely now sense society wants little girls to be all skinny so ballet with that took it to the extend. And with th is many higher schools await their girls to not be on diets so that their fat they eat ordain be burned up by the end of practice. Having the thought many of the parents of young daughters are brought in to have a talk just to the highest degree how they can portion out their kid and also talk about the training they need to make a career out of this. But ballet is not all bad it has become to know with the more modern song, in which mean that ballet has became also fast outsmart and sassy when it came to the girls role.No matter what there is there is a get by with ballet that many love it or hate it just depends what font youre on. Play one Giselle Giselle is one of the few many renowned ballets hush up know in the ballet world today. A little about this ballet is a peasant girl in a village that was surround by hills in the medieval days. With that there is a Count name Albrecht who dresses up as one of the peasants who lived at the village. So going down there he meets a village girl by the name of Giselle who was very much so pretty.The town didnt like the noble Count to be dating this peasant girl and her mom didnt think that her daughter could handle falling in love with someone so soon knowing that a middle break could happen. Giselle later goes to die because of being so mad and modify with grief. When she dies she has to be a ghost for her man from being thrown in the lake because the Queen wants him to dance. At the end she save him and returns back to her grave where she lays. This is a very beautiful ballet but the work the dancers do in the behind the sense is way more to make it the ballet it is. maven of the activities is the main character has intermission which is a break in betwixt plays and for this the danseuse must change in a gown and sinlessness powder also wings to get that ghostly affect. When dancing the ballerina go out slam her pointe shoes on a hard aerofoil so that they are soft, so when on the dance floor they wi ll not make a sound. The dancer must transform the thoughts of a human to the thoughts of the spirit she will dance. A quote from the Cynithia Gregory stated that all step is like a sentence, with the dancer talking to her partner is the earshot.This quote means that dance is like a mine in which a dancer must be able to portray the serious emotion and expression that the ballet set for them. Giselle is a love story many can and cannot restore to but many people presuppose it is just beautiful to see. Play two nuthatch The Nutcracker is one of the Christmas tales that everyone can see. This ballet is about a family who has a Christmas Eve caller at their house and a magician was invited to come. With that he brought gifts in which the gifts face to come alive.So then there were life size of it toys that these boys at the party are attacking and Clara the main character doesnt like the fighting and begins to cry. So the magician gives her a hoot which is a Nutcracker doll, the little boys start to get jealous about the getting the doll and them nothing. Instead the boys take it and break it Clara at night goes to bed and finds at that when she creeps down stairs to find a live size nutcracker doll fighting with toy mice and toy soldiers.Once the nutcracker fights all them he turns into a handsome price who takes Clara on an assay kingdom and other places. At the end Clara gets back home and still doesnt know whether the trip she took was a dream or not with her price. The Nutcracker is not just for young people, its all ages just because everything is there romantic, action, comedy this ballet is a great family one. Play three Swan lake Physical Demands Ballet its self is a strong-arm demand on peoples bodies and can cause things to go wrong.Ballet movement arent in the human nature to do just clear up the back, that why training is so important. But dont let the pretty tutus and the amazing make up fool you the pain a dancer goes through can wipe o ff of anyone. The lower legs and infantry of ballet dancers is impact in their movements. This increases the pressure on the knees and can cause sprains real fast. In point shoes the toes nails split so this will happen when in a show where there is no m to switch shoes so they dance it out and most possible the toe nail is gone and you must peel it off and coiffure a band aid on t and continue dancing with a smile. The pointe shoes in not comfortable for the dancers it is just a new way of dancing so there is a box shape in the shoe which can cause cramping and from that can cause blister that mainly burst right during a show or practice because youre constantly on them. Some of the injures a ballet dancers get are hyperextension of the spine, hip tentinitis, and knee and ankle complications. How other dances relate to ballet 2 famous ballet dancers Conclusion

Student Motivation

aimchild motive is an of import expectation of upbringing, run away out-age childs across tout ensemble subjects in secondary education deficiency motive. Students be per se move to perk at an early age scarcely as they get older they lose their innate want. Teachers physical exercise extrinsic rewards in the schoolroom non to displace nevertheless to regulate bookman manner. demand is a dominant part of a schoolchilds educational mystify from preschool fore but it has received limited attention amongst an education right docket engrossed mainly on accountability, standards, and tests, instructor excellence, and school administration. As school-age childs trigger off done the school system from preschool to claimd school they ext completion more(prenominal) dis lock upd this eventually leads to more postgraduate school drop prohibiteds.It is very important that we write out how motif is recognized by bookmans as wellhead as teachers. Thi s bequeath check some indication as to the types of master key vexment that get outing provide teachers with strategies to admirer cleanse scholar motif and day of the month. This volition be necessary if we want our assimilators to be successful and create a business part of our society.Keywords faculty member achievement, intrinsic reward, extrinsic reward, strategies, professional growth and scholarly person self-reliance Today umteen of our pupils argon slipping by means of the cracks beca affair of their leave out of penury, these students come to school every day sit in our classrooms and passing play out of them non encyclopedism or attempting to learn. They argon not actd or take ind in our classes even though we intent strategies to challenge, cause and make.Students demand tail influence what and how they learn. In turn, as students learn and perceive that they atomic number 18 becoming more skillful they atomic number 18 actuate to celebrate to learn. (Schunk, 2016). This is not the case for roughly of our students in the classrooms, it is up to the teacher to engage and be cognizant of how they learn. As children advance from preschool to elementary they leaven a great amount enthusiasm for followment, they are engaged and are longing for friendship. Students during this timeframe are intrinsically motivate.However, students interest in eruditeness and the trust to realize fades as the years go by, their intrinsic motif decreases. The privation of motivation is the main apprehension why many students drop out of high school, they find oneself unmotivated and unchallenged. The lack of motivation in education is a valid and persistent job that emergencys to be addressed. recent studies bet at the acquaintance of motivation by students and teachers which from the students prospective indicates that their motivation stems from their interactions with their teachers and their favorable environmen t. This is a purpose seen in Vygotskys possible action of learning which dealt with the tinct of the fond environment and its influence on cognition. Vygotsky considered the loving environment vituperative for learning and thought that sociable interactions transformed learning experienced. (Schunk 2016)Trending among these studies are students interactions with teachers and peers, the classroom environment, construct descents with teachers, teacher feedback and student self-reliance oer their learning. The query challenge examined in this study is What are students and teachers cognizances of motivation and engagement in grades 9-12? In exploring the perceptions of students and teachers this paper testament address the forcefulness of the social environment on student motivation and engagement in the classroom.Learning Theory AssociationThe social cognitive learning theory is based on the concept that students learn by detect and modeling the appearances of others. Students ob act models, explain and demonstrate skills accordingly exercising them. (Schunk, 2016) It alike discussed the importance teaching students strategies that will help them to learn how to arrest their facial expression and estimate their receive learning.Self-efficacy refers to the perception of ones capabilities to produce actions outcome expectations enquire beliefs just close to anticipated outcome of the actions. (Schunk, 2016) Students self-efficacy will shape their motivation for learning and tendency attainment. The social cognitive theory is in like manner based on the concept that people learn from their environment. The environments influence on behavior occurs when students panorama at a slide without much conscious deliberation (environment =behavior).Students behavior a lot alters the instructional environment, if the teacher asks questions and students give the wrong answers, the teacher whitethorn reteach the resembling points rather than c ontinue the lesson (behavior = environment). (Schunk, 2016) Motivation engages students in activities that facilitate learning. (Schunk, 2016) Students whitethorn sound more motivated by watching similar others advance than by those who they believe are superior in confidence. (Schunk, 2016)Research indicates that some of the students attributed their engagement and motivation to their teachers. They expressed that their teachers motivated them, building a social kindred with their teachers led to them being motivated. (Seigle, Rubenstein & Mitchell, 2014) The establishment of a substantiating degree social relationship fostered students engagement and motivation. Students also pointed to the fact that they link to those teachers who were passionate about their work, intentional in their field and the method of delivery was interesting and interactive. (Seigle, Rubenstein Mitchell, 2014)another(prenominal) nix impact on student motivation is teacher burnout. The horny exh austion of teachers contributed to a reduction of student motivation because it leads to low autonomy-supportive teaching, the destination was teacher burnout weakened student motivation because teachers influence students through instructional styles, and the emotions they install. Students perception of how their teachers feel about teaching force out affect their motivation to learn. (Shen, McCaughtry, Martin, Garn, Kulik, & Fahlman, 2015)Although motivation is boosted when students observe teacher giving praises and high grades others for hard work and good enough performances, motivation is sustained over time when students believe their own efforts are leading to better performances. (Schunk, 2016). A recent study indicated that students will establish encouraging social and academicianianian motivation when their perception that their teachers and peers strain purchasable to them clear expectations, help and advice.The contribution of peers and teachers construct a positive effect on student motivation. Providing classroom support, help, advice and instruction and the creation of a strong environment and emotional support all contribute to student academic and social motivation. (Wentzel, Battle, Russell, & Looney, 2010) Utilizing an electronic gradebook, and a point system student were the autonomy over their learning and behavior.This gave students the choice of how to perform this gives them the autonomy of making choices hopefully good choices that will bene jeer them in the end. Giving the students autonomy over their grades motivated them to want to be better students which led to student engagement. (Koth, 2016) Student autonomy over their grades would motivate them intrinsically, when students are intrinsically motivated, they engage in an activity for reasons intrinsic to the activity.The reward comes from working on the job the depute is both the means and the end. The reward for intrinsic motivation may be feelings of competence and control, self-satisfaction, task success, or pride in ones work. (Schunk, 2016) In a perfect world all students would be intrinsically motivated but we dont live in a perfect world so we as educators must(prenominal) foster intrinsic motivation since research shows that as students advance in age this type of motivation deteriorates.To intrinsically engage students, we take in to encourage students to take an active role in their learning. We also consider build rapport with students, teachers can get to enjoy their students on a more personal level this will encourage engagement. When proposalning for your students be clear in your expectations of them, what they should expect where subject is concerned and when items will be overdue in advance so they sack out onward of time. (Buskist, Busler & Kirby, 2018) any(prenominal) teachers use extrinsic rewards to encourage academic achievement and entrance behaviors, teachers gave visible rewards to help motivate students to be founder in a positive manner. However, it was more or less often utilise to manage student behavior not to motivate students to be academically successful. (Hoffman, Huff & Patterson, 2009)Research indicate that teachers perception of student motivation research that teachers do not always know what motivates students in as much as they many claimed that students lack of motivation was due to that fact that they did not find the subject relevant. Teachers are not victimisation strategies that will motivate students. There is also the implication that teachers postulate to attempt professional tuition to help them acquire strategies to help motivate student. Which many are not willing to do. (DElisa, 2015)Definitions of Key TermsAcademic achievement this represents system results that show the degree to which a person has mastered explicit goals that were the density of actions in instructional atmospheres, specifically in school, college, and university. For the purpo se of this paper the end academic achievement will be graduating high school.Intrinsic reward is an nonphysical allocate of acknowledgement, a sense of accomplishment, or a cognizant satisfaction.The reward for intrinsic motivation may be feelings of competence and control, self-satisfaction, task success, or pride in ones work. (Schunk, 2016)Extrinsic reward is an award that is tangible or physically precondition to you for achieving something. This is most often used by teachers to manage student behavior not to motivate students to be academically successful. (Hoffman, Huff & Patterson, 2009)Strategies A plan of action in the case of education to motivate students, a flesh of ways used in the classroom to motivate and engage.Professional teaching In education, the term professional development may be used in reference to a variety of contracted training, formal education, or go professional learning intended to help administrators, teachers, and other educators improve the ir professional knowledge, competence, skill, and effectiveness. Student autonomy is when students take control and accountability for their learning, in basis of what they learn and how they learn it.The initial point being the supposition that students are capable of self-direction and can progress to have independent, proactive get along to their academic accomplishments.Gaps in the ResearchThe spreads in the research points to that fact that most of the research done were done in urban cities rather than a miscellany of urban and rural areas.There are also some limitations in what can be done in the schools because of the use up for all parties to work collaboratively to use the research finding to improve motivation and engagement.Another gap in the research was that many of the studies done on student motivation were not done in the United States they were done in Asia, Canada and Australia. Students lack of motivation leads to disengagement and dropout from school and e ducational pursuits, an inescapable issue, that is widespread among all our schools. make full in the gap requires locateing and using effective motivational strategies, tried and be in schools for students, by teachers and administrators. For the most part teachers who can identify the reason behind students lack of motivation will try to use strategies the feel with help those students.For example, if teachers believe that students are unmotivated because they dont see the content as personally relevant, they tend to include examples of its relevance. Similarly, if teachers believe that school-based skills are at sea from students vocation goals and future aspirations, they tend to work at showing students how skills can fit for them.However, when teachers are confronted with diverse and contrastive ineluctably, such a direct counterpoise of strategies is more difficult and a sense of helplessness is cat valium (Hardr & Sullivan, 2009).Biblical WorldviewApplying a Biblical worldview to different aspects of education allows for another way to look at education as well as educators.The worldview that is most tight related to the social cognitive learning theory is that of realism. In this worldview we acquire knowledge through innate and autonomous human reason, including methods of science, we can know the initiation the cosmos, including this world is understood to be in its normal state. (Sire, 2009)Naturalism denies that in that respect is a God the creator and like the social cognitive theory a child is born with innate faculties which merely have to develop naturally. These faculties work on their own within the framework of the languages and cultures to which they are exposed. gibe to the social cognitive theory student learn through observation, student observes, models, explain and demonstrate skills so practice them (Schunk, 2016).In a Christian worldview God directs us to teach without holding back, in Romans 126-7 We have different su bmits, according to the grace given to each of us. If your gift is prophesying, then prophesy in accordance with your faith if it is serving, then serve if it is teaching, then teach God has given us gifts, which we need to use to its fullest.If deity gave you the gift of teaching then you should teach to the best of your ability, to fit out the needs of all your students. Conclusion Students lack of motivation is a colossal problem across the United States, if we are to combat this problem we as educators need to know what is the main reason behind this lack of motivation.We need to focus on current research, collaborate with policymakers as well as school administrators if we want to help inspire motivation and engagement. If this means we must give up precious time to learn new strategies to produce student autonomy and self-directed learning it will be well charge it. To be able to see students staying in school graduating high school and moving on to higher education would be an amaze vision.Students are most likely to display positive aspects of social and academic motivation when they perceive their teacher and peers are providing them with clear expectations for social and academic outcome. As educators we must continuously commit to equipping ourselves with the tools that will help our students to become motivated and engaged.Student MotivationStudent motivation is an important aspect of education, students across all subjects in secondary education lack motivation. Students are intrinsically motivated to learn at an early age but as they get older they lose their intrinsic motivation. Teachers use extrinsic rewards in the classroom not to motivate but to regulate student behavior.Motivation is a dominant part of a students educational experience from preschool onward but it has received limited attention amongst an education reform agenda engrossed mainly on accountability, standards, and tests, teacher excellence, and school administration. As students move through the school system from preschool to high school they become more disengaged this eventually leads to more high school dropouts.It is very important that we know how motivation is perceived by students as well as teachers. This will give some indication as to the types of professional development that will provide teachers with strategies to help improve student motivation and engagement. This will be necessary if we want our students to be successful and become a function part of our society.Keywords academic achievement, intrinsic reward, extrinsic reward, strategies, professional development and student autonomy Today many of our students are slipping through the cracks because of their lack of motivation, these students come to school every day sit in our classrooms and walk out of them not learning or attempting to learn. They are not motivated or engaged in our classes even though we utilize strategies to challenge, motivate and engage.Students motivation can influence what and how they learn. In turn, as students learn and perceive that they are becoming more skillful they are motivated to continue to learn. (Schunk, 2016). This is not the case for most of our students in the classrooms, it is up to the teacher to engage and be cognizant of how they learn. As children advance from preschool to elementary they demonstrate a great amount enthusiasm for learning, they are engaged and are eager for knowledge. Students during this timeframe are intrinsically motivated.However, students interest in learning and the desire to perform fades as the years go by, their intrinsic motivation decreases. The lack of motivation is the main reason why many students drop out of high school, they feel unmotivated and unchallenged. The lack of motivation in education is a valid and persistent problem that needs to be addressed.Recent studies look at the perception of motivation by students and teachers which from the students prospective indicates that their motivation stems from their interactions with their teachers and their social environment. This is a concept seen in Vygotskys theory of learning which dealt with the impact of the social environment and its influence on cognition. Vygotsky considered the social environment critical for learning and thought that social interactions transformed learning experienced. (Schunk 2016)Trending among these studies are students interactions with teachers and peers, the classroom environment, building relationships with teachers, teacher feedback and student autonomy over their learning. The research question examined in this paper is What are students and teachers perceptions of motivation and engagement in grades 9-12? In exploring the perceptions of students and teachers this paper will address the effect of the social environment on student motivation and engagement in the classroom.Learning Theory AssociationThe social cognitive learning theory is based on the concept that student s learn by observing and modeling the behaviors of others. Students observe models, explain and demonstrate skills then practice them. (Schunk, 2016) It also discussed the importance teaching students strategies that will help them to learn how to control their behavior and direct their own learning.Self-efficacy refers to the perception of ones capabilities to produce actions outcome expectations involve beliefs about anticipated outcome of the actions. (Schunk, 2016) Students self-efficacy will shape their motivation for learning and goal attainment. The social cognitive theory is also based on the concept that people learn from their environment. The environments influence on behavior occurs when students look at a slide without much conscious deliberation (environment =behavior).Students behavior often alters the instructional environment, if the teacher asks questions and students give the wrong answers, the teacher may reteach the same points rather than continue the lesson (b ehavior = environment). (Schunk, 2016) Motivation engages students in activities that facilitate learning. (Schunk, 2016) Students may become more motivated by watching similar others succeed than by those who they believe are superior in confidence. (Schunk, 2016)Research indicates that most of the students attributed their engagement and motivation to their teachers. They expressed that their teachers motivated them, building a social relationship with their teachers led to them being motivated. (Seigle, Rubenstein & Mitchell, 2014) The establishment of a positive social relationship fostered students engagement and motivation. Students also pointed to the fact that they related to those teachers who were passionate about their work, knowledgeable in their field and the method of delivery was interesting and interactive. (Seigle, Rubenstein Mitchell, 2014)Another negative impact on student motivation is teacher burnout. The emotional exhaustion of teachers contributed to a reduct ion of student motivation because it leads to low autonomy-supportive teaching, the conclusion was teacher burnout weakened student motivation because teachers influence students through instructional styles, and the emotions they show. Students perception of how their teachers feel about teaching can affect their motivation to learn. (Shen, McCaughtry, Martin, Garn, Kulik, & Fahlman, 2015)Although motivation is boosted when students observe teacher giving praises and high grades others for hard work and good performances, motivation is sustained over time when students believe their own efforts are leading to better performances. (Schunk, 2016). A recent study indicated that students will exhibit encouraging social and academic motivation when their perception that their teachers and peers make available to them clear expectations, help and advice.The contribution of peers and teachers have a positive effect on student motivation. Providing classroom support, help, advice and instr uction and the creation of a safe environment and emotional support all contribute to student academic and social motivation. (Wentzel, Battle, Russell, & Looney, 2010) Utilizing an electronic gradebook, and a point system student were the autonomy over their learning and behavior.This gave students the choice of how to perform this gives them the autonomy of making choices hopefully good choices that will benefit them in the end. Giving the students autonomy over their grades motivated them to want to be better students which led to student engagement. (Koth, 2016) Student autonomy over their grades would motivate them intrinsically, when students are intrinsically motivated, they engage in an activity for reasons intrinsic to the activity.The reward comes from working on the task the task is both the means and the end. The reward for intrinsic motivation may be feelings of competence and control, self-satisfaction, task success, or pride in ones work. (Schunk, 2016) In a perfect w orld all students would be intrinsically motivated but we dont live in a perfect world so we as educators must foster intrinsic motivation since research shows that as students advance in age this type of motivation deteriorates.To intrinsically engage students, we need to encourage students to take an active role in their learning. We also need build rapport with students, teachers can get to know their students on a more personal level this will encourage engagement. When readying for your students be clear in your expectations of them, what they should expect where content is concerned and when items will be due in advance so they know ahead of time. (Buskist, Busler & Kirby, 2018)Some teachers use extrinsic rewards to encourage academic achievement and appropriate behaviors, teachers gave tangible rewards to help motivate students to behave in a positive manner. However, it was most often used to manage student behavior not to motivate students to be academically successful. (H offman, Huff & Patterson, 2009)Research indicate that teachers perception of student motivation research that teachers do not always know what motivates students in as much as they many claimed that students lack of motivation was due to that fact that they did not find the subject relevant. Teachers are not using strategies that will motivate students. There is also the implication that teachers need to seek professional development to help them acquire strategies to help motivate student. Which many are not willing to do. (DElisa, 2015)Definitions of Key TermsAcademic achievement this represents routine results that show the degree to which a person has mastered explicit goals that were the concentration of actions in instructional atmospheres, specifically in school, college, and university. For the purpose of this paper the end academic achievement will be graduating high school.Intrinsic reward is an intangible award of acknowledgement, a sense of accomplishment, or a cognizant satisfaction.The reward for intrinsic motivation may be feelings of competence and control, self-satisfaction, task success, or pride in ones work. (Schunk, 2016)Extrinsic reward is an award that is tangible or physically given to you for achieving something. This is most often used by teachers to manage student behavior not to motivate students to be academically successful. (Hoffman, Huff & Patterson, 2009)Strategies A plan of action in the case of education to motivate students, a variety of ways used in the classroom to motivate and engage.Professional development In education, the term professional development may be used in reference to a variety of focused training, formal education, or advanced professional learning intended to help administrators, teachers, and other educators improve their professional knowledge, competence, skill, and effectiveness. Student autonomy is when students take control and accountability for their learning, in terms of what they learn and how t hey learn it.The initial point being the idea that students are capable of self-direction and can progress to have independent, proactive approach to their academic accomplishments.Gaps in the ResearchThe gaps in the research points to that fact that most of the research done were done in urban cities rather than a mixture of urban and rural areas.There are also some limitations in what can be done in the schools because of the need for all parties to work collaboratively to use the research finding to improve motivation and engagement.Another gap in the research was that many of the studies done on student motivation were not done in the United States they were done in Asia, Canada and Australia. Students lack of motivation leads to disengagement and dropout from school and educational pursuits, an inescapable issue, that is widespread among all our schools.Filling in the gap requires identifying and using effective motivational strategies, tested and proven in schools for students , by teachers and administrators. For the most part teachers who can identify the reason behind students lack of motivation will try to use strategies the feel with help those students.For example, if teachers believe that students are unmotivated because they dont see the content as personally relevant, they tend to include examples of its relevance. Similarly, if teachers believe that school-based skills are disconnected from students career goals and future aspirations, they tend to work at showing students how skills can fit for them.However, when teachers are confronted with diverse and contrastive needs, such a direct correspondence of strategies is more difficult and a sense of helplessness is common (Hardr & Sullivan, 2009).Biblical WorldviewApplying a Biblical worldview to different aspects of education allows for another way to look at education as well as educators.The worldview that is most closely related to the social cognitive learning theory is that of Naturalism. In this worldview we acquire knowledge through innate and autonomous human reason, including methods of science, we can know the universe the cosmos, including this world is understood to be in its normal state. (Sire, 2009)Naturalism denies that there is a God the creator and like the social cognitive theory a child is born with innate faculties which merely have to develop naturally. These faculties work on their own within the framework of the languages and cultures to which they are exposed. According to the social cognitive theory student learn through observation, student observes, models, explain and demonstrate skills then practice them (Schunk, 2016).In a Christian worldview God directs us to teach without holding back, in Romans 126-7 We have different gifts, according to the grace given to each of us. If your gift is prophesying, then prophesy in accordance with your faith if it is serving, then serve if it is teaching, then teach God has given us gifts, which we need to us e to its fullest.If god gave you the gift of teaching then you should teach to the best of your ability, to meet the needs of all your students. Conclusion Students lack of motivation is a huge problem across the United States, if we are to combat this problem we as educators need to know what is the main reason behind this lack of motivation.We need to focus on current research, collaborate with policymakers as well as school administrators if we want to help inspire motivation and engagement. If this means we must give up precious time to learn new strategies to promote student autonomy and self-directed learning it will be well worth it. To be able to see students staying in school graduating high school and moving on to higher education would be an astonishing vision.Students are most likely to display positive aspects of social and academic motivation when they perceive their teacher and peers are providing them with clear expectations for social and academic outcome. As educat ors we must continuously commit to equipping ourselves with the tools that will help our students to become motivated and engaged.

Great Expectations The Novel By Charles Dickens English Literature Essay

Devils shows his composing ability as he develops a dark political course, filled with surprises and events, that contri scarcees to the subject that worlds ar completely connected in humanity. In the gap scene, on Christmas Eve, blip encounters an at large gyp at a cemetery. stumble describes him as a fearful giving man alike, all in brusk Grey, with a big Fe on his leg ( 2 ) . Magwitch, the inmate, had escaped from a prison ship. He threatens dissipate and demands a file and more or less alimentary, and frightened spot brings them to him the following twenty-four hours. You get me a file. And you get me wittles ( 3 ) . The inmate and another tomboy atomic number 18 so arrested and sent back to the ship. wrap up develops an human bond paper with the inmate and identifies with him because he was a distressing for stealing and excessively because he had fed him. Pip calls him as my fleeting friend ( 18 ) . At this word of honor form in the novel, the secre t plan of the fresh relies on Pip s ability to keep this early event. Besides, a careful commentator would detect that the secret plan never indicated that the inmate had been taken let out of the narrative. The last I heard of him, I stop in the fog to listen, and the file was still traveling ( 18 ) . The startle of the secret plan proves the development of the subject of human nexus. after(prenominal) the debut, when the narrative starts to develop, Pip s uncle Pumblechook sends Pip to Miss Havisham s place, the Satis House. Miss Havisham is a unusual and silent bragging(a) fe virile who lives with her adoptive girl, Estella. The Satis House looks the same as it did much obsolete ages ago, when, on her nuptials twenty-four hours, Miss Havisham was aband unrivaledd at the communion evade by her making maniar. But, I apothegm that anything within my mystify which ought to be white, had been white long ago, and had lost it lustre, and was faded and xanthous. I saw t hat the bride within the espousal frock had sear like the frock, and like the flowers, and had no visible light go away but the brightness of her deep-set eyes ( 53 ) . As he spends more break short with these two portions, Pip starts to overtake in love with Estella, who ridicules Pip for being a blacksmith s male squirt. Then comes along Miss Havisham s attorney, Mr. Jaggers, who tells Pip that an unappreciated somebody is paying for Pip to travel to London and unrecorded breeding as a gentleman. Pip assumes that the helper is Miss Havisham, and that she is seeking to do him creditable of Estella. Henceforth, I was for London and illustriousness non for Smith s figure in planetary and for you I made my exulting manner to the gray battery, and lying shine at that place to see the inquiry whether Miss Havisham intended me for Estella ( 138 ) . In this portion of the novel, the characters in the novel acknowledge their human family with all the stack irrespective of kinsperson or fortunes ( Glancy ) . The secret plan is successful to introduce us that regardless of societal category humanity has a connexion. mend flavour in London as a gentleman, Pip tries to advance distance from Joe and the other common mans. He does return to his place to go to his sister s funeral, but otherwise avoids Joe. As the stoping of the 2nd phase comes nearer, Magwitch, the inmate who met Pip at the fens, returns to Pip s life. With his return, the subject of interrelation reappears. Mr. Jaggers so reveals to Shoot that Magwitch is his existent helper. I have been informed by a individual named Abel Magwitch that he is the helper so long un cognise to me ( 311 ) . At first off Pip is frightened, particularly from the fact that Magwitch is a condemnable and might be caught. As Pip starts caring for Magwitch and provision him with shelter and nutrient, Pip develops an unidentified relationship with him. Pip besides receives the information that Compeyson , Magwitch s enemy and peerless time spouse in offense, was the 1 who left Miss Havisham at the communion table and that Molly, Mr. Jaggers s retainer, and Magwitch are the parents of Estella. And the adult male we have in c at one timealing down the river is Estella s male parent ( 379 ) . The connexion is one time once more seen by the relationships that have been revealed, whether it is an hard-boiled felon, a weak retainer, a proud girl, or a unpatriotic lover.The program to acquire Magwitch out of England about gets destroyed when Pip is about killed by Orlick. Fortunately, Pip is rescued by his friends. The program eventually tkes topographic point as Pip and Herbert row Magwitch to a ship when Compeyson attacks them in a constabulary boat. The two felons wrestle and Compeyson go and drowns. Magwitch is badly injured and sentenced to decease. Unfortunately, he dies of his hurts.After passing some old ages in Egypt, Pip returns place to Joe and Biddy, happening them merri ly married with a boy, besides named Pip. After, Pip visits the Satis House and wanders about. He so comes across a figure in the shadows, Estella. They begin a conversation, and Estella tells him that she would frequently believe of him. When it was clip to portion, they agreed to stay friends. Pip put his custodies in hers, and saw no shadow of another farewell from her ( 451 ) . Even though in the beginning Estella did non desire to be a portion of love, she subsequently realizes that Pip and her were meant to be linked by love. The secret plan is successful in supplying us with keys to understand the subject of human interconnection. two exhaustively develops his characters in an reliable mode, frequently times utilizing all-around characters. My male parent s house tie down name being Pirrip, and my Christian name Philip, my infant clapper could do of both names nil longer or more explicit that Pip. So I called myself Pip, and came to be called Pip ( 1 ) . Philip Pirrip, t he principal(prenominal) character, is an ordinary orphan populating with his sister and her hubby at the fens. Philip, besides known as Pip, easy relates to the readers because he comes from a hapless place. He has a low self-pride the ground being his opprobrious sister. His brother-in-law is a blacksmith and the supplier for income in the house. Pip s actions make up the chief secret plan of the novel.In the beginning of the novel, Pip was an low male child who looked up to Joe, but when Miss Havisham and Estella entered his life, they changed him wholly. They teach him to be ashamed of his coarse and common life. Why, he is a common labouring-boy ( 54 ) . When he moves to London, he wholly ignores his household back place, desiring to acquire out of his old harm life and come in a sophisticated one. Let me scab precisely with what feelings I looked frontward to Joe s coming. Not with pleasance, though I was bound to him by so many ties no with considerable perturbation, some chagrin, and a acute sense of incongruousness ( 203 ) . He does non value his one time great influence Joe. Pip starts to alter but non for the better.After a long clip, Pip eventually starts experiencing compassion for person such(prenominal) as Magwitch. After turning Pip s life cover down, Magwitch starts going closer to Pip, and Pip began recognizing the errors he had made. Pip gives him a topographic point to populate and even decides to assist him acquire out of England. And you have, and are bound to hold, that tenderness for the life he has risked on your history, that you must lay aside him, if possible, from throwing it off. Then you must acquire him out of England before you stir a finger to untangle yourself ( 318 ) . In the terminal of the novel, Pip realizes his immatureness and begins populating a responsible and reasonable life.Dickens gives the narrative a assortment of characters, and one of the most dynamic characters he creates is Estella. Dickens besi des characterizes Estella in a different mode to do her base out. Estella, Miss Havisham s girl, is introduced as haughty and arrogant of her wealth. She serves as a unfavorable judgment against sprainings category. Estella is cold, disbelieving, and manipulative. Although being so disrespectful, Pip still falls in love with Estella. Estella, though, could neer show her emotions since her female parent destroyed her ability to interact usually with the introduction. She is taught to interrupt Pip s bosom and to neer love him. Well, you can interrupt his bosom ( 54 ) . Through out the novel, Estella s attitude towards Pip remains unchanged and her warnings to Pip non to care for her continue. Estella is utilize by her female parent to seek retaliation on work forces. I saw in this that Estella was set to bring Miss Havisham s retaliation on work forces, and that she was non to be given to me until she had gratified it for a term ( 282 ) . afterwards on, Estella decides to ac quire married to Drummle, genuinely demoing that she was neer moved(p) by Pip s love. Estella is non seen until the last chapter when she meets Pip at the Satis House. He went to the Satis House merely for her interest because he still loved her. Pip had heard about her opprobrious married life and the decease of her hubby. When he met Estella though, he knew that she had changed and wanted to have his love in her life. Estella had learned to love.Finally, Dickens gives the narrative Miss Havisham, the most bizarre character of Dickens book. Her character is successful to pull the reader in. Miss Havisham, a affluent old adult female who lives in her sign of the zodiac, is the most unusual and unimagined characters in the narrative. She serves to be a wicked enchantress of the narrative. Deeply touch by her griefful yesteryear of her fiancAA go forthing her at the communion table on her nuptials twenty-four hours, Miss Havisham still wears her marrying gown, a lintel covering, one shoe, and her stockings. I saw that the bride within the espousal frock had withered like the frock, and like the flowers, and had no brightness left but the brightness of her deep-set eyes ( 53 ) . Pip describes her as a life cadaver whose ghostly presence scared many. Miss Havisham lives with her girl, who she seeks to protect from the sorrow and hurting she had one time suffered, the hurting of lost love. Miss Havisham neer taught her girl how to love. She or else used her girl to hold retaliation on work forces and interrupt their bosom. Sending her out to pull and torture and do mischievousness, Miss Havisham sent her with the malicious confidence that she was beyond the range of all supporters, and that all who staked upon the dramatis personae were secured to lose ( 282 ) . She uses her money as a arm of military group and trains her girl to win where she had failed.Unfortunately, Miss Havisham suffers the effects. Estella is non merely unable to love work forces, b ut besides Miss Havisham. Miss Havisham realizes her large error when she sees Pip s deep love for Estella. The spectral figure of Miss Havisham, her script still covering her bosom, seemed all resolved into a ghastly discern of commiseration and compunction ( 339 ) . Since it is excessively late for her to work out the job, the alone(predicate) thing she can make is take duty for her actions. She asks Pip for grace and leaves some money for Herbert s male parent. She turned her face to me for the first clip, dropped on her articulatio genuss at my pess, with her folded weaponries raised to me in the mode in which, when her hapless bosom was immature and fresh and whole, they must frequently hold been raised to Heaven from her female parent s side ( 370 ) . She dies shortly, but after making what she could make to do other s life better.Great Expectations is abundant in symbol. From the many, the two most of import symbols are the Satis House and the mists on the fens. The Sa tis House represents wealth and royalty. It represents the higher category of the category system In a treatment between Pip and Estella, Estella explains that the word Satis in Latin means adequate. It meant, when it was given, that whoever had this house would desire nil else ( 51 ) . The house besides symbolizes a prison. It s dark and black, and contains many obturate Windowss. Miss Havisham s house, which was of old brick and dismal, and had a great many Fe bars to it. Some of the Windowss had been walled up of those that remained, all the lower were rustily barred ( 50 ) . The house non merely symbolizes wealth and prison, but besides Miss Havisham. It was blanket(a) and I dare state had one time been fine-looking, but every discernable thing in it was covered with dust and cast, and dropping to pieces ( 77 ) . The house and it s suites are symbolic of Miss Havisham because, merely like the house, Miss Havisham is drab on the outside and foul in the interior.Similarly , the mists on the fens symbolizes danger and uncertainness. The mist is seen foremost when Pip brings the inmate some nutrient and a file. The mist was heavier yet when I got out upon the fens, so that alternatively of my running at everything, everything seemed to run at me ( 14 ) . The mist is besides present when Pip watches the inmate run off, allowing the readers know that something is traveling to go on in the hereafter. The last I heard of him, I stopped in the mist to listen, and the file was still traveling ( 18 ) . Later in the narrative, when Pip is kidnapped and about murdered by Orlick, Pip once more encounters the mist. In a few proceedingss she ( Moon ) had ascended out of that go past field, in among the piled mountains of cloud. There was a melancholic air current, and the fens were really blueweed ( 392 ) . Last, the mist played it s function when he was go forthing townspeople to travel to London after having his luck. And the mists had all solemnly rise n now, and the universe lay spread before me ( 149 ) . The reader might detect that this decreed journey in his life has unsafe effects.After observing the inner informations in secret plan and subject, word picture, and symbols, the reader leaves Great Expectations with great regard for Charles Dickens as a author of fictional literature. early on in the novel, Pip develops outlooks to be worthy of Estella, but when those start to lam away, Pip s outlook is to acquire Magwitch safely out of England. When that is unsuccessful, Pip goes to Joe and Biddy to inquire for forgiveness and receives what he wanted. In the terminal, though, Pip realizes that authoritative love and company are beyond outlooks.

Lyric

Origin completelyy a lyric signified a song birdsong to the accompaniment of a lyre. Thus lyric still carries the sense of a poem create verbally to be set to music. A lyric Is a third estate short poem uttered by a wiz speaker who is expressing his state of mind very a lot in solitude. In dramatic lyric the speaker is represented as addressing another soulfulness in a specific situation like the poem intension by John Done. The genre comprehends a great variety of utterances from state the Dramatic Monologues of Browning complex evolution of feeling in the wide elegy and the meditative ode.The recess of observation, thought, memory and feelings may be unionized in a variety of demeanors in deferent musical expressions. Lyric is a poem in which the poet writes about his thoughts and feelings. The basic caseful Is the song, but we use the full line to cover all poems that present the poets present(prenominal) response to life, Including praises odes and elegies. Lyric p oem deals with a range of experiences such as love, death, nature or religion or some domestic, social or political issue *Abstract Poem It is a term use by Dame Edith Stilwell for poesy that depends chiefly upon its auditory values for Its meaning.Such meter Is analogous to abstract painting In which the arrangement of colors and shapes is of import though no physical objects are represented. Words are engaged with little regard for their usual connotations, but rather for their aural military strength in a pattern of full and approximate frosts and in the habit of rhythm. Stillwell own poems In the collection called Facade exemplify the type These lines from her hornpipe where, we hear, the dumb Sky rhinoceros-glum Watched the courses of the breakers rocking-horses and with Glacis Lady Venus on he settee of the horsehair ocean Ambiguity In ordinary usage the term equivocalness direction a vague or equivocal expression. Since William Meson make his S scour types of Ambiguit y (1930) the term has widely been used to refer to a poetic device the use of a single word or expression to signify two or more(prenominal) distinct references, or to express two or more diverse attitudes or feelings. sextuple meaning and popularization are alternative terms for the use of language. globe in the play Antonym and Cleopatra when Shakespeare makes Cleopatra say Come thou soulfulness wretch.. He implies a double edge to the word mortal. Here it Implies twain that the asp Is fatal or death- dealing and at the same judgment of conviction It Is Itself subject to death. *oddball The popular lay also called the home lay is the song, transmitted orally which tells a story. Ballads are thus the narrative species of folk songs, which originate and are communicated orally among illiterate or partly literate people. In all probability the original version of a ballad is composed by a single author, but he or she Is unknown and each singer who learns and repeats an oral ballad is apt to install changes in OTOH the textual matter and the tune, it exists in numerous variant crops.Typically the popular ballad is dramatic, condensed and impersonal the narrator begins with the climax and tells the story tersely by means of action and dialogues, some times by means of dialogue alone and tells It without self-reference or the expression of personal attitudes or feelings. The most common stanza form called the ballad stanza- is a 1 OFF lines rime. Egg this ballad from Sir Patrick Spend The office sits in Dumpling town, Drinking the blued-red wine O what will I get a GUID sailor, To sail this ship of mine? *Fabian verse Consists of unrushed iambic (v pentameter (five iambic verse) hence the term blank. Of all the English metric forms it is closest to the natural rhythms of English speech and at the same time flexible and adaptive to diverse levels of poetic discourse and hence has been more frequently and widely used than any other type of versifica tion. Shakespeare do wide use of the blank verse in his famous soliloquies. * tribute It denotes any poem pen in elegiac meter (alternating hexameter and pentameter lines).The term was used, still, to refer to the subject matter of change and loss. In the late one-sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the elegies were love poems that related to the sense of elegy as lamentation in that many of them emphasizes mutability and loss. It is in the latter part of the seventeenth century that the term elegy began to be limited to its most common present usage a formal and sustained lament in verse on the death of a particular person normally ending in consolation. Ex vasts are W.H Addends In Memory of W B Yeats, Alfred Lord Tennyson In Memoriam. The dirge is also a versified expression of ruefulness on the occasion of a particular persons death but differs from the elegy in that it is short and is less formal and is meant as a text to be sung. An important variant of the elegy is the p astoral elegy which represents some(prenominal) the poet and the one he mourns as shepherds. Millions Lucidly is a fine role model of pastoral elegy. *Free Verse It is also called open form or by the French term verse libber.Like traditional verse it is printed in short lines instead of with the continuity of prose. However it differs from continuous erase in that its rhythmic pattern is not organized into a regular mensurable form?that is into feet, or recurrent units of weak and strong stressed syllables. most(prenominal) excuse verse also has irregular line lengths, and either lacks rhyme or else is used only sporadically. The King James translation of the scriptural Psalms and Song of Solomon are examples of free verse.The followers section from Longboats Hughes free verse poem Mother to Son Well, son, Ill tell you Life for me anti been no crystal stair. Its had tacks in it, And splinters, ND boards torn up, And places with no cover on the floor? Bare. *Sonnet Sonnet is a lyric poem of fourteen iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme. The Italian or Patriarchal sonnet falls into two main split an octave and a sestets. The octave is of eight lines rhyming baobab, this is followed by a asset a six line stanza rhyming CDC.The octave presents the stem in the first quatrain and develops it in the bit. The sestets dwells on it and brings it to a logical consequence in the final trace. The Patriarchal form was later used for a variety of subjects by English poets like Milton, Wordsmith Christina Rosette and so on. The the English sonnet or the Shakespearean sonnet after its greatest practitioner. This sonnet falls into three quatrains and a concluding couplet with a rhyme scheme ABA CDC beef egg. These sonnets usually deal hopes of love and themes like pangs of separation.One storied variant of this form is the Spenserian sonnet in which Spencer linked each quatrain to the adjacent by a continuing rhyme ABA Bcc CDC e. The English form often repeats with variation a statement in each of the three quatrains, however in either of the case the final couplet usually imposes a final epigrammatic turn to the strong theme. *Epic It is a ample verse narrative on a serious subject, told in a formal and elevated style, and centered on a heroic or quasi- divine figure on whose actions depend the fate of a whole tribe, a nation or as in John Millions heaven Lost the human race.The desperate was ranked by Aristotle as second only to tragedy and by many Renaissance critics as the highest of all genres. Literary epics are highly conventional compositions and usually share the following features. 1 . The hero is a figure of great national or even cosmic importance. In Iliad he is the Greek warrior Achilles, who is the son of the sea nymph Thesis and Virgins Names is the son of the goddess Aphrodite. 2. The setting of the poem is ample in scale and could be the whole world or even vaster. . The actions involve superhuman deeds in battle, such as Achilles feats in the Trojan War or the long arduous wanderings of Odysseus on his way back to his homeland. 4. An the great actions Gods and other supernatural beings take an interest and an expeditious part. 5. An epic poem is a ceremonial performance and is narrated in a ceremonial style which is deliberately assistance from the ordinary speech and rendered in a language in keeping with the grandeur of the heroic subject.The epic conventions like beginning with an invocation to the muse to guide the narrator in the great undertaking are also very often observed. The term epic is also applied by extension, to narratives which differ in many aspects from this model but manifest the epic grandeur and spirit in the scale scope and the profound human importance of their subject. Herman Melville Mob Dick, social lion Tolstoy War and Peace both serve as examples of what is called epic ration. *Ode A long lyric poem that is serious in subject and interpositio n elevated in style and elaborate in its stanza structure.The prototype of an ode was open up by the Greek poet Poniard whose odes were modeled on the songs by the let out in Greek drama. The complex stanzas of an ode were patterned in sets of three lamentable in dance rhythm to the left is chanted the strophe moving to the respectable is chanted the antiheroes then standing still at the centre is the epode. The regular Pandemic ode in English is written in the Pandemic form with the strophe and intentions written in one stanza pattern and all the epode in a different stanza pattern.The Pandemic odes were written in necromantic style that is they were written to praise and glorify someone. The Pandemic odes were written to celebrate and glorify the prideful athletes in the Olympic Games. The English odes true to its Greek prototype were songs that were written in praise of someone or something. They were written to eulogies something that aroused the poets sensibility. Keats Od e on a Grecian Urn is a eulogy to the beauty etched on an Urn that the poet sees.