Priority Pollutants and Their Health Effects

precedence Pollutants and Their Health Effects inceptionThe Priority Pollutants be a set of chemical pollutants EPA regulates, and for which EPA has published uninflected test methods. the Priority Pollutant list published at 40 CFR 423, cecal appendage A,An estimated 25% of death and disease globally, is linked to environmental hazards. The WHO, EPA pay off listed the inexorable pollutants, which are included in this article along with the major and hardly a(prenominal) minor wellness hazards of the vivid categories of pollutants. 1,2The UK environmental protection act (EPA) 1990, defilement of the environment means pollution of the environment due to the release (into either environmental medium) from any process of substance which are capable of causation harm to man or any other living beingness supported by the environment. The escape of any substance capable of create harm to man or any other living organism supported by the environment. 3The precession pollutants can be classified on the basis of-chemical and physical naturesource of the pollutantenvironmental alley usedtarget organism affectedgross effect on the Earth 3The environmental Pollution Agency have short listed the priority pollutants.4In addition to this comprehensive listAsbestos, Barium, HCB, compact disc, Tin and Petroleum Hydrocarbons are also included under the broad title of PRIORITY POLLUTANTS. 5Priority pollutants can be divided into 3 categories-MetalsPesticidesVolatile and non volatile organics 4 perception OF PRIORITY POLLUTANT (METALS)Atomic Absorption spectroscopy, a very sensitive method used to analyse the priority pollutants by the United States Environmental security measure Agency (EPA).Due to a few limitations in this methods the ability of dibenzyldithiocarbamate (DBDC) to convention complexes with the priority is used, this is then followed by liquid chromatography, on a C18 newspaper column and using 64% methanol, 12%acetonitrile,5%tetrahydrofuran and19% Ph 5 acatate buffer as the mobile phase, which is quantified using ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry. (10 out of the 13 priority pollutants are detected using this method.) 6Health hazards of heavy metalsThe major and universal health hazard due to metals is their direct influence as a carcinogen.7,8Health hazards due to ArsenicThe primary concerns are carcinogenicity and mutagenicity.Chronic photo can result in poisoning of the nervous system, liver damage, and off-base vascular disease, leading to gangrene of the lower limbs. This condition is commonly know as black foot disease.Chronic exposure to As is also associated with leukaemia, kidney and bladder cancers, dermatitis, hyper pigmentation, and arsenical keratosis.Arsenic acts as a non-genotoxic carcinogen. However, it affects deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and repair.Vomiting, diarrheaPeripheral nervous system problemsDecreased intelligenceBeathing problems 7,8,9CadmiumThe organs affected the most are-Kidney i mpaired renal functions, increase excretion of low-molecular cant proteins in the urine.Increased risk of Lung cancer.Bone disorders Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis and voluntary bone fracture.Irritation Of The Lungs And Gastrointestinal TractCancer Of The Prostrate 8,9 antedateImpaired Neurological Development (memory and learning difficulties, behavioural problems, reduced IQ) high blood pressureKidney FailureMiscarriageDecreased sperm numberingSupression Of Haematological System 9MERCURYGastro-Intestinal Disorders (digestive problems)Respiratory Tract Irritationrenal FailureNeurotoxicityBlindness and deafnessLack of co-ordinationMental retardation9PesticidesPesticides enter the nutrition chain through water. This includes the derivatives of chlorinated hydrocarbons, herbicides and insecticides used on the soil. The mentioned categories of pesticides are very large-minded and persistent in the environment, and have become ubiquitous over the years. The on a regular basis used pest icides are mentioned.5,13DDT(Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane)AldrinandDieldrin,ChlordaneHCBor hexachlorobenzeneHeptachlorLindaneMethoxychlor 4HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO PERSISTANT PESTIDICES AND INSECTICIDESPesticides are designed to eat up and because their mode of action is not specific to one species, they often vote out or harm organisms other than pests, including humankinds. The health effects of pesticides depend on the type of pesticide. Following are the health hazards caused due to Organophosphates, DDT, Lindane, Carbamate and Pyrethroids. 5The major health hazards of pesticides are-Neurological Health EffectsCarcinogenicHormone prison-breakingImpaired Reproductive DevelopmentsDecreased Sperm Count And Motility 10neurological HEALTH effectuateMemory LossLoss Of CoordinationReduced hie Of Response To StimuliReduced Visual AbilityAltered Or irrepressible MoodReduced Motor Skills.Convulsions And Seizures 10,11OTHER POSSIBLE HEALTH EFFECTSAsthmaAllergies ( skin allergies th at are toxic)Hypersensitivity to light, sound and touchNauseafatigue duty 10,11Acuteorganophosphateandcarbamateexposure causes signs and symptoms of excess acetylcholine, such as increased salivation and perspiration, narrowing of the pupils, nausea, diarrhea, decrease in blood pressure, muscle weakness, and fatigue. Some organophosphates also have a detain neurological reaction characterized by muscle weakness in the legs and arms. 11 rigging VOLATILE AND VOLATILE ORGANICSThis group of Pollutants is wide ranging and consists of -Chlorinated Alkanes (Carbon Tetrachloride)Chlorinated Ethenes (Polyvinyl Chloride Or Pvc)Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Naphtalene, blacken Tar),Pesticides, Herbicides And Fumigants (Ddt, Endrin, Aldrin, Lindane, Methoxychlor, Toxaphene And Silvex),Mono-Dichlorobenzenes (Solvents),Benzenes (Benzene, Toluene)Phenols And Chlorophenols And Trihalomethanes (Chloroform, Bromoform). 5HEALTH EFFECTS DUE TO ORGANICSVinyl chloride is associated with cancer.PAH , induces cancer lung being the primary(prenominal) target, 10Phenols and chlorophenols lead to alterations in hepatic enzyme activities, gross increased liver weight and histopathological (hypertrophy, vacuolization, hyperplasia, fibrosis, necrosis and degeneration) effects is found following acute, intermediate and chronic spoken exposure to PCP, Hepatocyte degeneration and centrilobular hypertrophy, Significant alterations in thyroid hormone levels have been observed, decrease fertility, and growth, signs of chloracne and minor disturbance of lipid metabolism., neurodevelopmental effects in infants. 3,whatever is the counterweight of the part 10Trihalomethanes can lead to colon cancer. 14CONCLUSIONKnowing about pollutants and their health hazards is not the end of it. Research has to be done on ship canal to curb this disaster and irreversible damage that has lured on our environment. Effort has to be made to find ways to tackle this pollution and PRIORITIZE Our arrest Nature and Human Health rather than POLLUTANTSREFERENCES.The health and environment linkages initiative, area health organization, UNEP, http//www.who.int, accessed on 02-05-2015.EPA, http//www.water.epa.gov, accessed on 3-05-2015.Gareth Evans and Judith Furlong (2003), Environmental Biotechnology Theory And Applications, buttocks Wiley And Sons Ltd.USEPA Priority Pollutants, http//www.accutest.com, accessed on 3-05-2015.Fishery harbor manual on the prevention of pollution, http//www.fao.org, accessed on 3-05-2015.James H. Shofsthal and James K. Hardy, Method For The Determination Of The Priority Pollutant Metals By HPLC, Journal of Chromatographic Science, Vol 28, Issue 5, Pg 225-229.WHO, Europe, Health Risks Of Heavy Metals From Long mark Transboundary Air Pollution, World Health Organization, 2007, http//www.euro.who.int, accessed on 13-05-2015.Heavy metals Mercury, Arsenic, Lead, A coulombs Old story http//pollutioninpeople.org/toxics/metalsLars Jrup, Hazards of heavy metal conta mination, J Epidemiol Community Health200256824-825UNEP (Urban Environmental Unit United Nations Environmental Programme), Environmental pollution and impacts on public health.Health Risks Of Persistent Organic Pollutants From long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, WHO Europe,Peter Orris, Lin Kraatz, Karen Perry and Joe Asbury, Persistent Organic Pollutants and Human Health,May 2000, published by World Federation Of Public Health Associations.Effect of pesticide on human health www.toxipedia.org,15/05/2015Pereira and Michael A., Health Risk of the Trihalomethanes Found in Drinking weewee Carcinogenic Activity and Interactions, Medical College of Ohio,2000.